Chapter%2022,%20Collective%20Behavior%20And%20Social%20Movements

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Chapter 22, Collective Behavior And Social
Movements

• Key Terms

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• emergent norm theoryTheory that describes how
  crowds can be both emergent forms of behavior and
  socially organized.
• expressive crowdsPrimary function is the release
  or expression of emotion.

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• convergence theoryExplains riots by focusing on
  the participants in riots and presupposes that
  rioters are acting on predispositions and
  attitudes.
• competition theoryConflicts between different
  groups can erupt into riots when these groups
  have to compete for limited resources.

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• collective preoccupationsForms of collective
  behavior wherein many people over a relatively
  broad social spectrum engage in similar behavior
  and have a shared definition of their behavior as
  needed to bring social change or to identify
  their place in the society.

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• scapegoatingWhen a group collectively identifies
  another group as a threat to the perceived social
  order and incorrectly blames the group for
  problems they have not caused.
• social movementsAn organized social group that
  acts with some continuity and coordination to
  promote or resist change in society or other
  social unit.

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• personal transformation movementsAim to change
  the individual, focus on development of new
  meaning within individual lives.
• social change movements Aim to change some
  aspect of society.

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• reactionary movementsorganize to resist change
  or to reinstate an earlier social order that
  participants perceive to be better. 
• mobilizationThe process by which all social
  moments and other leaders secure people and
  resources for the movement.

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• resource mobilization theoryAn explanation of
  how social movements develop that focuses on how
  movements gain momentum by gathering resources,
  competing with other movements and mobilizing the
  resources available to them.

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• political process theory Movements achieve
  success by exploiting a combination of internal
  factors and external factors.  
• framesSchemes of interpretation that allow
  people in groups to perceive, identify and label
  events within their lives that can become the
  basis for collective action.

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• new movement theoryLinks culture, ideology, and
  identity conceptually to explain how new
  identities are formed within social movements.