GREAT WAR

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GREAT WAR WORLD WAR ONE 1914-1918
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ALLIANCES OF WORLD WAR I

• CENTRAL POWERS
• GERMANY
• AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
• OTTOMAN EMPIRE
• BULGARIA
• ALLIES
• GREAT BRITAIN
• FRANCE
• SERBIA
• RUSSIA
• ITALY (1915)
• USA ( 1917)

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LEADERS OF COUNTRIES
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Emperor Franz Joseph
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Woodrow Wilson
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CAUSES OF WWI

• 4 LONG TERM CAUSES
• NATIONALISM
• IMPERIALISM
• MILITARISM
• ALLIANCES
• SHORT TERM CAUSE
• ASSASSINATION OF THE ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND

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WORLD WAR I

• WORLD WIDE
• TOTAL WAR ( INVOLVES CIVILIANS )
• NEW WEAPONS ( MACHINE GUNS, PLANES,GAS, UBOATS
  ,GRENADES, ARTILLARY GUNS, AIRPLANES INDUSTRIAL
  REVOLUTION!!
• DEFENSIVE BATTLE

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ARCHDUKE AND SOPHIE LAST MOMENTS BEFORE DEATH
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THE ASSASSIN MEMBER OF THE BLACK HAND
GAVRILO PRINCIP
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WAR IS DECLARED!!GUNS OF AUGUST!!!

• 7-28-14- AUSTRIA-HUNGARY DECLARES
• WAR ON SERBIA!
• 8-1-14- GERMANY DECLARES WAR ON
• RUSSIA
• 8-3-14- GERMANY DECLARES WAR ON
• FRANCE
• 8-4-14 BRITAIN DECLARES WAR ON
• GERMANY AFTER THEY INVADED
• BELGIUM

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STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

• ALLIES
• MORE INDUSTRY
• LARGE NAVY
• GREATER POPULATION
• ECONOMIC RESOURCES
• MORE COLONIES
• CENTRAL POWERS GOOD COMMUNICATION BETTER
  PREPARED
• LEADERS AND EQUIPMENT
• OFFENSE

• ALLIES
• POOR COMMUNICATION
• RUSSIA WEAK
• NO SUPREME COMMANDER
• CENTRAL POWERS
• FIGHT ON 2 FRONTS
• LESS MEN
• SMALL NAVY

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TWO FRONTS WESTERN AND EASTERN

• GERMANY -DO NOT WANT TO FIGHT ON 2 FRONTS.
• PLAN CREATED IN LATE 1880S TO PREVENT FIGHTING ON
  2 FRONTS.
• IT IS CALLED THE SCHLIEFFEN PLAN
• 1. GERMANY INVADES THROUGH BELGIUM AND EAST
  BORDER OF FRANCE CAPTURE PORT CITIES AND PARIS
  FROM BEHIND. CRUSH IN 6 WEEKS.
• 2. RUSSIA IS FINALLY MOBILIZED AND FIGHTING IS
  ON 1 FRONT ONLY- IN THE EAST AGAINST RUSSIA
• 3. WAR OVER BY CHRISTMAS!!
• 4. GERMANS DO NOT FOLLOW PLAN AND DO NOT
• CAPTURE PORTS NOR PARIS AND RUSSIA
  MOBILIZES QUICKLY!

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SCHLIEFFEN PLAN
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WESTERN FRONT

• 1. 1ST BATTLE OF THE MARNE -9/14
• MIRACLE OF MARNE
• 700 TAXIS HAUL 6000 MEN TO
• THE MARNE RIVER TO FIGHT
• WAR WILL BE A LONG ONE!!!
• 2. RACE TO YPRES-10-14/11-14
• CREATES 600 MILE TRENCH LINE
• FROM THE NORTH SEA TO THE
• ALPS. DEFENSIVE WAR DIG IN

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WESTERN FRONT
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The Western Front
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TWO EFFORTS TO END STALEMATE!

• BATTLE OF VERDUN
• GERMAN OFFENSIVE
• 2-1-16/ 6-16
• VERDUN FORTRESS TOWN EAST FRENCH BORDER
• FRENCH VALIENTLY RESISTED-THOU SHALT NOT
  PASS
• GERMANS- 300,000 CASULTIES
• FRENCH 350,000 CASULTIES

• BATTLE OF SOMME
• BRITISH OFFENSIVE
• 7-11-16/ 11-16
• 1ST TIME TANKS WERE
• USED.
• OVER THE TOP
• ONE DAY- 20,000 BR.DEAD
• 40,000 INJURED
• LAST TIME CAVALRY USED
• OVER 1 MILLION DEAD
• 600,000 GERMAN
• 400,000 FRENCH

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Verdun February, 1916

• German offensive.
• Each side had 500,000 casualties.

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The Somme July, 1916

• 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
• Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

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TRENCH WARFARE

• A LINE RAN OVER 600 MILES ON THE WESTERN FRONT
  FROM THE NORTH SEA TO THE ALPS
• THIS WAS A DEFENSE FRONT DUE TO THE NEW WEAPONS
  ESPECIALLY THE MACHINE GUN

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TRENCH DESIGN
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Trench Warfare
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GOING OVER THE TOP!!
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TRENCH FOOT
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GERMAN SKELETONS AT VERDUN
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WEAPONS OF WORLD WAR ONE THE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
HUGE NUMBERS OF KILLED AND INJURED MEN DUE TO NEW
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN WEAPONS!
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MACHINE GUNS
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GAS ATTACKS

• MUSTARD GAS
• CHLORINE GAS
• TEAR GAS

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TANKS FIRST USED BY THE BRITISH AT THE BATTLE OF
SOMME IN 1916
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DREADNOUGHT BATTLESHIP
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SUBMARINE
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AIRPLANES

• FIRST USED TO JUST FLY OVER THE ENEMY FOR
  RECONAISSANCE
• PILOTS THREW BRICKS OR CHAINS AT ONE ANOTHER TO
  CAUSE CRASHES
• MOUNTED GUNS LATER ON PLANES
• WITH GUNS DOGFIGHTS FOLLOWED

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2 FAMOUS FLYING ACES OF WWI
EDDIE RICKENBACKER
BARON VON RICHTHOFEN
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ARTILLARY GUNS BIG BERTHAS
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War Is HELL !!
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Sacrifices in War
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EASTERN FRONT
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Nicholas
Czar Nicholas II Russia
Czar Nick II and Kaiser Wilhelm II cousins !
King George V of Gr. Br. and Nick II cousins
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RUSSIA AND THE WAR!!

• RUSSIANS DEFEATED IN EARLY BATTLES AND PUSHED OUT
  OF GERMANY AND AUSTRIA
• 1916- RUSSIAN WAR EFFORT FAILING. SOLDIERS
  WITHOUT GUNS, FOOD, CLOTHING. NO WAY TO GET
  SUPPLIES TO THEM!
• GERMANS CONTROLLED BALTIC SEA, OTTOMAN
  DARDANELLES AND BOSPHORUS! HOW DO ALLIES GET THEM
  SUPPLIES
• RUSSIANS AT HOME AND IN THE ARMY ARE DEMORALIZED!
  GERMANS GET LENIN TO LEAVE SWITZERLAND AND GO TO
  RUSSIA!! REVOLT POSSIBLE??
• RUSSIAN REVOLUTION OCCURS- 11/1917
• BOLSHEVIKS PULL RUSSIA FROM WAR TREATY OF BREST
  LITVOSK WITH GERMANY!!

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ALLIES LOOK TO GAINING THE DARDANELLES!

• FEBRUARY, 1916 GALLIPOLI CAMPAIGN
• BRITISH, AUSTRALIAN, NEW ZEALAND AND FRENCH PLAN
  TO TAKE THIS AREA.
• MAY ,TURKS AND EUROPEANS AT STALEMATE
• 12/1916 ALLIES GIVE UP IN BLOODY DEFEAT- 250,000
  CASUALTIES!

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The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
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ARABS AND THE EUROPEANS

• ARABS ARE ENCOURAGED TO FIGHT THE TURKS !
• FRANCE AND GREAT BRITAIN TELL THEM THEY WILL
  SUPPORT THEIR INDEPENDENCE AFTER THE WAR!
• SECRETLY FRANCE AND GR. BRITAIN PLAN ON DIVIDING
  UP THE TURKISH LANDS IN THE MIDDLE EAST!!
• GREAT BRITAIN RECEIVED MANDATES IN IRAQ ( OIL
  RICH) AND PALESTINE!!
• FRANCE SECURES SYRIA AND LEBANON

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T. E. Lawrence the Arab Revolt, 1916-18
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Turkish Cavalry in Palestine
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The Sinking of the Lusitania
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UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE

• FEBRUARY, 1917 GERMANS ONCE AGAIN ANNOUNCE
  UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE
• EXTREMELY EFFECTIVE WILSON SEES NO CHOICE IN
  JOINING WAR!
• ZIMMERMANN TELEGRAM- LAST STRAW!

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The Zimmerman Telegram
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ZIMMERMANN TELEGRAM 2-1917

• GERMANYS FOREIGN MINISTER , ZIMMERMANN, SENDS A
  TELEGRAM TO MEXICO stating that if Mexico joins
  war against the U.S. Germany
• Would help them gain back lost land.
• LAST STRAW!! U.S. ENTERS WAR 4-1917!!

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The YanksAre Coming!
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11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!
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9,000,000 DEAD!
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World War I Casualties