NCEP/NCAR ?????????? ???????????

1
????????????????????

• ????
• ????? ???????? ????????
• ?????????? ?????????

ltlt2004 ?? DM2 ????gtgt
2005 ? 2 ? 23 ?
2
???

• (1)?????????, ?????????
• (2) Ruby ???????
• (3)???????????

3
?????????, ?????????
4
?????

• ????/?????????????????????,??????????(????????,
  ?????????)??????????????
• 1990 ??????????????????????
• NCEP/NCAR(NRANCEP/NCAR Re-Analysis, NRA1)
• ECMWF(ERAECMWF Re-Analysis, ERA-15/40)
• ???/???(Japanese Re-Analysis 25 years, JRA-25)
• ????????????????????
• ??, ????????????(????)???????????
• ERA-40???????, NRA1?NRA2?, JRA?????

5
????????????????

• ?????????????????????
• ???/?????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????

????????????????????? ???(????)???????????
6
????????????

• ??????????
• ?????(?????)
• ???????????????????
• ?????????, ???????????????

7
???????

• ?????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ????????????
• ???????????????
• ????????Web ????
• http//www.gfd-dennou.org/arch/dcchart/
• ???????
• ?????????????????????
• ??????????(???????)
• ?????? URL ???????????

8
Ruby ????????,??????
9
?????????????

• ???????/?????
• ???
• Fortran/DCL, GrADS, GMT, etc
• ??
• (FortranC)/?????????, GrADS
• ????????
• ???????????????
• GrADS, GMT ????????
• ?????????, ????, CGI ?????????????
• ????????????
• ??
• ????????????
• ?????????/????????, ???????
• ?????????????????????

10
??????????????? Ruby

• Ruby ??
• ??????????
• ????????????????????
• ????, ?????.
• ???????
• ????, ?????, ???????????etc
• ???/?????????????????
• FORTRAN ? C ?????????????
• ????????????!
• ??????????????????????
• Ruby ??
• ??????????
• ???????????? Perl ? Java, Python ??????
• ???????????(?????????)

11
??????????????

• NArray
• ??? ?? ?????
• Ruby ????????????????????????
• Ruby/NumRu
• ????????/???????????, ????????
• ???????? ???? ?????????????????
• ?? Ruby ??????
• (http//dennou-k.gfd-dennou.org/arch/ruby
  /index-j.htm)
• (????)?????
• ??????
• Ruby/DCL(Dennou Club Library) ???????????????????
  ???????????? Ruby ????
• Ruby/NetCDF NetCDF IO ? Ruby ????
• GPhys ???????????????????

12
???/???????

• ?? Ruby ????????????????????????????????
• netCDF ??????
• ????????, ??????, 2 ???, ????
• ???????
• ??????, EP ?????(?????????), ??????????, etc

13
???????????
14
??

• ?????
• ??
• ???
• ????????
• El Nino ????
• ??????????
• ???????????
• ????????????
• ???

15
??

• ???????????????????????????
• (????????)?????????????????????????????
• ??????
• ????????????????????
• ??????????
• ????????????????????????????
• ??????????
• ??????????? gt ???????????????

16
?????

• ?????????????, ????????????????????????????? (???
  NRA1)
• ????????????????
• Oort and Yienger(1996)
• ?????????ENSO , ????????????????????(??????).
• ?????????????????????
• Wang(2002)
• ????????????????????????????????(NRA1).
• ??????????????????????.
• Dima and Wallace(2003)
• ????????????????????. ???????????????????????????
  ?( NRA1)
• ????????????????????????????????????

17
???

• NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1(NRA1)
• http//www.cdc.noaa.gov/cdc/reanalysis/reanalysis.
  shtml ????
• ??1978? 12 ? 2003 ?12?
• FGGE ???????(???????????????)
• ????????????????????
• ?????????????????

18
????????

• ?????, ?????
• ??????????????????

????????????
???????????????????????
?? ??????????? ?? ???????????
?? ??????????? ?? ???????????
(?)????????????
(?)???????????????????????
19
El Nino ????
El Nino
1982(MAM) - 1983(JJA)
1986(SON) - 1988(DJF)
1991(MAM) - 1992(JJA)
1993(MAM) - 1993(JJA)
1997(MAM) - 1998(JJA)
2002(MAM) - 2003(DJF)

• ????????????????
• El Nino ?????
• Oort and Yienger(1996) ??
• 1982/83 ????????
• NRA1 ?? 82/83 ?? El Nino ??????????

El Nino ????(???????????) http//www.data.kis
hou.go.jp/climate/elnino/mikata/elnino_table.html
20
??????????

• ?(?)??????????? ?(?)??ITCZ ?????????
• ??????????????????????
• gt ?????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????

??????????????????
??????????????
?? N5-N15 ???, ?? S5-S15 ??? ?? N30-S30 ???
21
??????????????

• ????????, ???????????????
• Oort and Yienger(1996) ????????????????????????
  0.39, ???? 0.34.

200 hPa ???????????????
?? N20-N40 ??? ?? S20-S40 ???
22
??????????

• ????????, ???????????????
• Oort and Yienger(1997)????????????????
• ?????(1998)?,??????????????????????????????????

EP ????????????????????????
???????????????????????
?? N30-N60 ??? ?? S30-S60 ???
?? ??????????? ?? ???????????
23
???

• ????????????????????
• El Nino ???????????
• ?????????????????
• ?????????????
• ???????, ?????????????????????????
• ?????
• ?????????????????, ?????????
• ????????????, ??
• NRA1 ???ERA40 ? ERBE ?????????. ?????????????
• ?????????????????
• Ruby ?????????
• (?????)?????.

24
????

• CDC Data Management Group, The NCEP/NCAR
  Reanalysis Project at the NOAA-CIRES Climate
  Diagnostics Center. http//www.cdc.noaa.gov/cdc/re
  analysis/reanalysis.shtml.
• Dima, I. M., Wallace, J. M., 2003 NOTES AND
  CORRESPONDENCE On the Seasonality of the Hadley
  Cell. J. Atmos. Sci.,60, 1522-1527.
• European Centre for Medium-Range Weather
  Forecasts, 2001ERA-40 Project Plan.
  http//www.ecmwf.int/research/era/Project/Plan/Pro
  ject_plan_TOC.html
• ???, 2005 ??????/??????????.
• http//www.data.kishou.go.jp/climate/elnino/mikat
  a/elnino table.html
• ??????????, 2001 JRA-25 ???????????.
  http//www.jreap.org/index.html
• ????, 1989 ??????4 ?????????????. ????????,
• 30, 54-59.
• Oort, A.H., Yienger, J. J., 1996 Observed
  Interannual Variability in the HadleyCirculations
  and Its Connection to ENSO. J. Climate, 9,
  2751-2767.
• ????, 1998 ?????????????????. ???????????
• ?, 7, 91-101.
• ????, ????, ????, ????, ?????, ????, ???,
  ?????????DCCHART ??????, 2003 ?????.
  http//www.gfddennou.org/arch/dcchart/atmos
  global/, ?????????.
• Wang, C., 2002 Atlantic Climate Variability and
  Its Associated Atmospheric Ciculation Cells. J.
  Climate, 15, 1516-1536.

25
????
26
6. 25 ?????????

• ??? 6.0e10 , ???-7.0e10 kg/s
• Dima and Wallace(2003) NRA1 , ??????????????
• ??? 6.0e10 few , ???-7.4e10 kg/s few
• ????????(Oort and Yienger, 1996) ?
• ??? 9.2e10 , ???-7.4e10 kg/s

27
(??)?? Ruby ???????
28

• ????????????????????
• 
  (Oort and
  Yienger, 1996 ????)