Characteristics%20of%20Life

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Characteristics of Life

• How do we know if something is alive or not?
• If the following characteristics are present then
  the thing is alive.

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The Title for your notes should include the
subject and the date The Characteristics of Life
- 9/12/13
If something has all 8 of these
characteristics of life it is alive. If it is
missing 1 it is not alive
For the rest of this presentation you will write
the information in the green areas (usually a
circle) and think about the rest of the
material. This is a quick overview of the whole
semester!
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Made of Cells

• THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF CELLS 1.Prokaryotic
  cells Primitive simple cells without a membrane
  bound nucleus. Genetic material just floats in
  the cytoplasm. Example bacteria

NO NUCLEUS
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2.Eukaryotic Cells Complex cells with membrane
bound organelles. You are made of eukaryotic
cells.
Nucleus
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The smallest living things are just made of just
1 cell.
Bacteria cultured on agar
paramecium
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Each of us is made of about 100 trillion cells.
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made of cells
Smallest unit of life is 1 cell (unicellular) We
are multi-cellular (many cells)
1.
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Reproduction ( 2 types)

• 1.
• Sexual Reproduction Genetic material from male
  and female are mixed to create a new unique
  living organism.

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2. Asexual No genetic material is mixed. The
babies (offspring) are genetically identical.
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There are 2 types of sexual reproduction 1.
Internal fertilization egg and sperm unite
inside of one of the parents.
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2. External fertilization egg and sperm unite
outside of the parents bodies.
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REPRODUCE
Sexual Reproduction mix genetic material of 2
parents to create a new and unique
individual. Asexual Reproduction No mixing of
genetic material a copy of 1 individual
2.
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Genetic CodeAll life is based on a genetic code.

• The DNA Double Helix is the molecule that carries
  your genetic information.

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Sex cells , egg, sperm, pollen, ova, all carry
DNA (genetic code) from the parent to
child. That is why offspring look similar to
the parent(s).
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Genetic Code
3.
DNA is the recipe for how to make you and your
offspring (children). Offspring are similar to
their parents.
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Living things grow and Develop

• Size is going to change during a lifetime.

Grow
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Develop characteristics change as they mature.
Example facial hair, voice, extra padding
Charles Darwin
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JUST KIDDING
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Grow and Develop
Grow increase in size and Number of
cells. Develop Cells or bodys characteristics
change with maturity by turning on different
sections of DNA.
4.
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Obtain Materials and Energy

• Living things need nutrients (food) or energy.

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Once nutrients (food) are taken in, our digestive
system breaks it down and recycles it to grow
and provide energy. When our cells release
this energy it is called cellular respiration.
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Metabolism is how fast your body breaks down
food and releases the energy to be used for
activities, growth of new cells, or stored as fat
in existing cells.
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You are what you eatOrganisms are classified By
what they eat. Producers make food plants
Primary consumers eat plants herbivores
Secondary consumers eat plant eaters
carnivores Decomposers break down organism to
be recycled
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Materials may be used for shelter, or attracting
a mate.
Male Bower Birds place blue object in front of
their bower to attract females.
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Obtain Materials Energy
Nutrients and energy are used To grow and
provide energy for movement and cell
activities. Metabolism is how fast your body
breaks down food and releases the energy to
be used. Materials can be used for shelter or
attracting a mate
5.
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Responds to the Environment
notes
6.

• What changes in the environment do organisms
  respond to?
• Temperature
• Amount of sunlight
• Humidity
• Soil Moisture
• Predators
• Potential Mates

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Maintain Internal Conditions(homeostasis)
During activities we use up energy, increase our
temperature, as well as lose water and salts.
sweating
Breathing
Eat
Drink
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Hydration water balance Temperature
temperature balance PH balance Salt balance
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Maintain Internal Balance
HOMEOSTASIS Your cells need to keep the right
amount of food, water waste, and oxygen to stay
healthy.
7.
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Change over time(Evolution)

• Over time species change.
• All dogs that are alive today had an ancestor who
  was a wolf.

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Evolution
As the environment changes those that survive and
have successful offspring will shape what the
future generations look like. (Offspring are
similar to parents)
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