Network Devices

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Network Devices
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Network Devices
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Media on PC

• Ethernet
• Modem
• PC Card (WLAN)
• DVB

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Ethernet - Architecture
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Ethernet IEEE 802.3

• 10Base5 Thick wire coaxial
• 10Base2 thin wire coaxial / cheaper net
• 10BaseT Twisted Pair
• 10BaseF Fiber Optics
• 100BaseT Fast Ethernet

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Ethernet 10Base5
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Ethernet 10Base2
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Ethernet 10BaseT
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NIC Connector type

• Coaxial Cable
• Bayonet Nut Connector (BNC)
• Twisted Pair Cable
• RJ-45 (8 wire)
• Fiber Optics
• SMA connectors

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Modem

• Allows modems of different vendors to operate
  together
• Define How modems operate
• Modulation techniques
• Data compression technique
• Error detection strategy

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Modem Analog vs Digital

• Analog
• Infinite number of levels
• Conform to voice pattern
• Times from highest to lowest and back to the
  highest point in one second is the frequency
• Can be transmitted over long distance
• Digital
• Only two levels (high and low)
• Conforms to how computers operate
• Cannot transmitted over long distance

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Modem - Connection
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Modem Internal/External
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PC Card WLAN (802.11)

• Bypassing last mile

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PC Card (WLAN) - 1
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PC Card (WLAN) - 2
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PC Card (WLAN) Indoor Antena
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DVB DVB/IP Tech

• The Digital Video Broadcast over Internet
  Protocol (DVB/IP) system is functionally an
  IP-over-Ethernet simplex satellite service that
  incorporates frame-relay type traffic management.
  At its core, DVB is a modem-on-a-chip, plus an
  intelligent multiplexer. The antenna is typically
  a CATV dish, 2.4 - 3.8 meters in diameter (for
  C-band), or 0.6 -1.8 meters (for Ku-band).

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DVB DVB/IP Routing
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DVB - Adaptability
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DVB DVB Card
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Media

• Wired
• Twisted Pair UTP
• Coaxial
• Fiber
• Wireless
• Microwave
• Satellite

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Twisted Pair

• Two wired wrapped in a twisted fashion
• Designed to reduce cross-talk due inductance
• Still subject to interference from stray signal
• Primarily used for local loop connections and
  LANs
• Comparatively narrow bandwidth

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UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair

• Pair 1
• White/blue
• Blue
• Pair 2
• White/Orange
• Orange
• Pair 3
• White/Green
• Green
• Pair 4
• White/Brown
• Brown
• RJ45 Connector

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UTP Straight Cable

• Wo/O Wg/B Wb/G Wbr/Br

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UTP Cross Cable

• Wg/G Wo/B Wb/O Wbr/Br

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UTP - Category
Category Maximum Data Rate Usual Application
CAT 1 Less than 1 Mbps Analog voice (POTS),
    Integrated Services Digital Network Basic Rate Interface in ISDN
    Doorbell wiring
     
CAT 2 4 Mbps Mainly used in the IBM Cabling System for token ring networks
     
CAT 3 16 Mbps Voice and data on 10BASE-T Ethernet
     
CAT 4 20 Mbps Used in 16 Mbps Token Ring
    Otherwise not used much
     
CAT 5 100 Mbps 100 Mbps TPDDI (100BASE-T or Fast Ethernet)
  1000 Mbps (4 pair) 155 Mbps ATM
    Gigabit Ethernet
     
CAT 5E 100 Mbps 100 Mbps TPDDI (100BASE-T or Fast Ethernet)
    155 Mbps ATM
     
CAT 6 200-250 MHz Super-fast Broadband Applications.
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Coaxial

• Center lead conducts the signal
• Protected by insulation and braded wire
• Used mostly for television and connections to
  antenna
• Larger Bandwidth but large in size

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Fiber Optical

• Signal transmitted by photos rather than
  electrons
• Dramatically higher bandwidth
• Used mostly for backbone communication
  connections, very high speed LANs and fast
  network connections

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Microwave Antenna (1)

• Omni
• 2.4GHz 8dBi

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Microwave Antenna (2)

• Sectoral
• 14dBi 180deg

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Microwave Antenna (3)

• Sectoral
• 17dBi 90deg

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Microwave Antenna (4)

• Direct (Grid)
• 2.4 GHz 24dB

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Microwave Power AMP
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Satellite - Broadband
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Media Comparison
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Multiplexer

• HUB
• Switch
• Bridge
• Router

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Hub versus Switch

• Hub provide connection to all ports (i.e. in one
  port and out all other ports).
• Passive hub no signal regeneration
• Active hub provide signal regeneration
• Switch direct the message from appropriate port
  (directs a message from the input port to the
  desired output port).
• More expensive but better bandwidth utilization

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Hub versus Switch
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LAN Hub device
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Hub
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LAN Switch device
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Switch
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Bridge Access Point (WLAN)
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Router

• Connecting different segment
• Have different interfaces (Ethernet, WAN-Serial,
  Fiber, etc)
• Table Routing

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Router