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Research Paper Note Cards

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Title: Research Paper Note Cards Author: jreese Last modified by: Win7 Created Date: 3/7/2006 8:37:14 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3) – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Research Paper Note Cards


1
Research Paper Note Cards
  • Stonitsch Orr

2
WHAT GOES ON A NOTE CARD?
  • Information that you have highlighted when
    reading your sources
  • You then take this highlighted material on either
    directly quote it, paraphrase it, or summarize it
    on your note card
  • Remember Only one piece of information or fact
    per note card
  • Information you did not know about your topic
    that you get from another author

3
PLAGIARISM
  • It's like lip-synching to someone else's voice
    and accepting the applause and rewards for
    yourself.
  • IF YOU PLAGIARIZE, YOU WILL FAIL!!! any time you
    take a writers words and use them as your own,
    you are plagiarizing
  • Even when you are summarizing or paraphrasing in
    your words, they were not your words originally
    so you must cite at the end of the paraphrase or
    summary

4
Using another writers words as your own the
right way!
  • Summarize
  • Paraphrase
  • Quote
  • Include your own thoughts about what the writer
    has to say
  • ALWAYS GIVE THE CREDIT TO THE REAL AUTHOR!

5
Using direct quotes
  • for support
  • to preserve vivid or technical language
  • to comment on a quotation
  • to distance yourself from a quotation
  • paraphrase might alter the statements meaning
  • you cant think of any way to say it that works
    as well as the original
  • if you paraphrase it might be difficult to tell
    it isnt your view
  • Remember the Quotation Rules
  • Quotation is your last choice.
  • Dont use a quote unless you cant say it in your
    own words.
  • Quote infrequentlyonce a page would be plenty in
    a student paper.
  • Never end a paragraph with a quote. Never expect
    the quote to make your point for you.
  • Always wrap-up in your own words
  • Never use long quotes (2-3 sentences would be
    maximum length for a student paper)
  • You must always explain how a quote supports your
  • Point or thesis This means that you never drop
    a quote in your paper without setting it
  • up or introducing it then after you include
    it, you must explain it / tie it to your point in
  • your own words but in 3rd person.

6
QUOTE
  • Use quotation marks to show EXACTLY what
    the author was
  • saying (Do NOT use more than 4 lines) or you will
    have to follow and
  • extended quote format in your text of your paper.
  • Include Authors Last Name and Page Number on
    which
  • you found the information, directly after the
    quote in a
  • citationIf no page number, just authors last
    name.
  • If there isnt an author, then you put the
    article title in inside the citation
  • For example,
  • Rhythmic writers shouted poetry rocks! (Hughes
    2).

7
Paraphrasing
  • When do you use paraphrase in your essay rather
    than quotation?
  • Most of the time your source is not authoritative
    or interesting enough to quote and you should
    paraphrase the ideas instead. Paraphrasing makes
    it easier to incorporate the ideas of another
    writer into your paper.
  • Use paraphrase to give your readers an accurate
    and comprehensive account of ideas in your
    sourceideas you will explain, interpret or
    disagree with in your essay.
  • Paraphrasing can help you understand difficult
    passages which can help you prepare for writing.
  •  Describe a good paraphrase.
  • Is accurate should accurately represent the
    authors ideas
  • Is complete should tell the whole idea of author
  • In your own voice dont just substitute synonyms
    for key words and leave the rest unchanged. Your
    words and voice should convey the information.
  • Should make sense by itself like a summary, you
    should be able to read a paraphrase and feel it
    is done in sentences which flow together
    naturally.

8
What is the difference between a paraphrase a
summary?
  • Records a passage of any length
  • Condenses and includes only main ideas
  • Changes the order of ideas when necessary to make
    the summary more clear
  • Might explain or interpret within the summary
  • Much shorter than the original
  • Records a short passage
  • Covers every point in the passage
  • Records ideas in the same order as the original
    passage (not same wording)
  • Does not interpretYou would do that or explain
    after your paraphrase and citation
  • Is a bit shorter than the original but longer
    than a summary

9
Original wording from source
  • "I had to explain to him that I was deaf. I said,
    'Wait I can't hear please talk slowly.' He
    looked at me and said, 'What?' I told him again I
    was deaf, and he said, 'Oh.' He pointed to a door
    and told me to go through that door. I followed
    his instructions. I opened the door and walked
    through it, closing the door behind me. I found
    that I was in the hallway near the elevator where
    I had just come up. I was shocked! He had
    rejected me without any explanation. I got into
    the elevator, and as it descended, I felt very
    letdown. I couldn't understand why he didn't give
    me a chance to explain that I could do the job
    well. It didn't require hearing!"
  • Source Citation
  • Bragg, Bernard. My First Summer Job. A Handful
    of Stories, 19.

10
PARAPHRASEAn Example of paraphrasing what you
read
  • In A Handful of Stories, Bernard Bragg tells a
    story of trying to get a job. One time he told a
    potential employer he was deaf, and the man just
    pointed to the door. Mr. Bragg, not realizing the
    man was telling him to leave, opened the door and
    stepped out. Not until he went out the door did
    he realize he had been rejected because he was
    deaf (19).

11
Example of a Summary from the same information
  • In A Handful of Stories, the narrator tells a
    story about being rejected for a job because he
    couldnt hear. He didnt realize he was being
    turned down by this potential employer until
    after he left (Bragg 19).

12
Plagiarized or Paraphrased?
  • Original Source Material Developing complex
    skills in the classroom involves the key
    ingredients identified in teaching pigeons to
    play ping-pong and to bowl. The key ingredients
    are (1) inducing a response, (2) reinforcing
    subtle improvements or refinements in the
    behavior, (3) providing for the transfer of
    stimulus control by gradually withdrawing the
    prompts or cues, and (4) scheduling
    reinforcements so that the ratio of
    reinforcements in responses gradually increases
    and natural reinforcers can maintain their
    behavior.
  • Gredler, Margaret. Learning and Instruction
    Theory Into Practice (4th Ed). New Jersey
    Prentice-Hall, 2001.
  • Plagiarized Version Inducing a response,
    providing for the transfer of stimulus control by
    gradually withdrawing prompts or cues,
    reinforcing subtle improvements in the behavior,
    and scheduling reinforcements so that natural
    reinforcers can maintain their behavior are the
    key ingredients identified both in teaching
    pigeons to play ping-pong and in developing
    complex skills in the classroom.
  • Why Plagiarism? The student merely moved the
    authors words around, inserting and deleting
    small portions as needed. The student has not
    used quotation marks for the portions that are
    still identical to the original, and has not
    credited the original author.
  • Correct Version The same factors apply to
    developing complex skills in a classroom setting
    as to developing complex skills in any setting.
    A response must be induced, then reinforced as it
    gets closer to the desired behavior. Reinforcers
    have to be scheduled carefully, and cues have to
    be withdrawn gradually so that the new behaviors
    can be transferred and maintained (Gredler).

13
When would you use a paraphrase instead of a
summary?
  • A paraphrase is necessary when you want your
    reader to completely understand another authors
    text or when you are arguing against a specific
    point
  • a summary is used when you are referring only
    generally to the original or are using that piece
    as only one of several you are citing for a
    particular point.

14
So, what goes on the Note Card??
  • As you find interesting facts about your topic,
    you will write them down.
  • Each idea should be quoted word for word,
    paraphrased, or summarized (in your own words),
    and written on a card.

15
Stay organized
  • In order to keep your ideas in order, and to
    remember where you found the ideas, there are
    four items that you should include on the index
    card

16
3. paraphrased information
  • It is helpful to paraphrase or summarize most of
    your research on the index cards. If you are
    consistent in paraphrasing at this stage, then
    you will be certain not to accidentally
    plagiarize someone else's work. You will also
    have less work to do when you are actually
    writing the paper.
  • However, for this research speech, you may
    incorporate more direct quotes, but you must
    state the source directly in your speech.

17
1. Card Topic
Topic is the kind of information on the
card. Think of it as the title, or main idea of
the card. After writing down the information,
figure out how you could briefly categorize, or
title it.
18
Card Topic
  • For example, if you are writing a paper on the
    life and works of the poet, Langston Hughes, you
    may have cards with topics such as
  • Hughes' upbringing
  • Hughes' influences
  • Hughes' poetry
  • Hughes' political beliefs
  • Hughes' influence on America
  • These categories or your main points or
    background (summary of novel) will or should
    become your Roman Numerals on your outline and
    you will organize your cards based on your points
    and/or background

19
Sample Note Cards
  • Organized by Card Topic

20
2. Source Title
  • The source title is the name of the book,
    magazine, website, etc., in which you found the
    information.

In thisexample, the source was given a number,
instead of writing out the entire title, author,
etc.
21
4. page numbers
  • It is important to be accurate with the page
    numbers, if provided, on your note cards, as you
    will need them for citations throughout your
    research paper. If this source is from a
    non-paginated internet source, then you will not
    have page numbers.

22
THE END!
  • You can do the following
  • --Use my template
  • --Hand write your cards on 3 x 5 or 4 x 6 cards
  • --Type your information and then paste them onto
  • note cards
  • YOU MAY NOT CREATE YOUR OWN TEMPLATE
  • These are now due Monday, April 27, 2015.
  • You must print out typed ones and have them
  • cut and organized with a separate source card per
  • Source.
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