Title: Research Paper Note Cards
1Research Paper Note Cards
2WHAT GOES ON A NOTE CARD?
- Information that you have highlighted when
reading your sources - You then take this highlighted material on either
directly quote it, paraphrase it, or summarize it
on your note card - Remember Only one piece of information or fact
per note card - Information you did not know about your topic
that you get from another author
3PLAGIARISM
- It's like lip-synching to someone else's voice
and accepting the applause and rewards for
yourself. - IF YOU PLAGIARIZE, YOU WILL FAIL!!! any time you
take a writers words and use them as your own,
you are plagiarizing - Even when you are summarizing or paraphrasing in
your words, they were not your words originally
so you must cite at the end of the paraphrase or
summary -
4Using another writers words as your own the
right way!
- Summarize
- Paraphrase
- Quote
- Include your own thoughts about what the writer
has to say - ALWAYS GIVE THE CREDIT TO THE REAL AUTHOR!
5Using direct quotes
- for support
- to preserve vivid or technical language
- to comment on a quotation
- to distance yourself from a quotation
- paraphrase might alter the statements meaning
- you cant think of any way to say it that works
as well as the original - if you paraphrase it might be difficult to tell
it isnt your view - Remember the Quotation Rules
- Quotation is your last choice.
- Dont use a quote unless you cant say it in your
own words. - Quote infrequentlyonce a page would be plenty in
a student paper. - Never end a paragraph with a quote. Never expect
the quote to make your point for you. - Always wrap-up in your own words
- Never use long quotes (2-3 sentences would be
maximum length for a student paper) - You must always explain how a quote supports your
- Point or thesis This means that you never drop
a quote in your paper without setting it - up or introducing it then after you include
it, you must explain it / tie it to your point in - your own words but in 3rd person.
6QUOTE
- Use quotation marks to show EXACTLY what
the author was - saying (Do NOT use more than 4 lines) or you will
have to follow and - extended quote format in your text of your paper.
- Include Authors Last Name and Page Number on
which - you found the information, directly after the
quote in a - citationIf no page number, just authors last
name. - If there isnt an author, then you put the
article title in inside the citation - For example,
- Rhythmic writers shouted poetry rocks! (Hughes
2). -
7Paraphrasing
- When do you use paraphrase in your essay rather
than quotation? - Most of the time your source is not authoritative
or interesting enough to quote and you should
paraphrase the ideas instead. Paraphrasing makes
it easier to incorporate the ideas of another
writer into your paper. - Use paraphrase to give your readers an accurate
and comprehensive account of ideas in your
sourceideas you will explain, interpret or
disagree with in your essay. - Paraphrasing can help you understand difficult
passages which can help you prepare for writing. - Describe a good paraphrase.
- Is accurate should accurately represent the
authors ideas - Is complete should tell the whole idea of author
- In your own voice dont just substitute synonyms
for key words and leave the rest unchanged. Your
words and voice should convey the information. - Should make sense by itself like a summary, you
should be able to read a paraphrase and feel it
is done in sentences which flow together
naturally.
8What is the difference between a paraphrase a
summary?
- Records a passage of any length
- Condenses and includes only main ideas
- Changes the order of ideas when necessary to make
the summary more clear - Might explain or interpret within the summary
- Much shorter than the original
- Records a short passage
- Covers every point in the passage
- Records ideas in the same order as the original
passage (not same wording) - Does not interpretYou would do that or explain
after your paraphrase and citation - Is a bit shorter than the original but longer
than a summary
9Original wording from source
- "I had to explain to him that I was deaf. I said,
'Wait I can't hear please talk slowly.' He
looked at me and said, 'What?' I told him again I
was deaf, and he said, 'Oh.' He pointed to a door
and told me to go through that door. I followed
his instructions. I opened the door and walked
through it, closing the door behind me. I found
that I was in the hallway near the elevator where
I had just come up. I was shocked! He had
rejected me without any explanation. I got into
the elevator, and as it descended, I felt very
letdown. I couldn't understand why he didn't give
me a chance to explain that I could do the job
well. It didn't require hearing!" - Source Citation
- Bragg, Bernard. My First Summer Job. A Handful
of Stories, 19.
10PARAPHRASEAn Example of paraphrasing what you
read
- In A Handful of Stories, Bernard Bragg tells a
story of trying to get a job. One time he told a
potential employer he was deaf, and the man just
pointed to the door. Mr. Bragg, not realizing the
man was telling him to leave, opened the door and
stepped out. Not until he went out the door did
he realize he had been rejected because he was
deaf (19).
11Example of a Summary from the same information
- In A Handful of Stories, the narrator tells a
story about being rejected for a job because he
couldnt hear. He didnt realize he was being
turned down by this potential employer until
after he left (Bragg 19).
12Plagiarized or Paraphrased?
- Original Source Material Developing complex
skills in the classroom involves the key
ingredients identified in teaching pigeons to
play ping-pong and to bowl. The key ingredients
are (1) inducing a response, (2) reinforcing
subtle improvements or refinements in the
behavior, (3) providing for the transfer of
stimulus control by gradually withdrawing the
prompts or cues, and (4) scheduling
reinforcements so that the ratio of
reinforcements in responses gradually increases
and natural reinforcers can maintain their
behavior. - Gredler, Margaret. Learning and Instruction
Theory Into Practice (4th Ed). New Jersey
Prentice-Hall, 2001. - Plagiarized Version Inducing a response,
providing for the transfer of stimulus control by
gradually withdrawing prompts or cues,
reinforcing subtle improvements in the behavior,
and scheduling reinforcements so that natural
reinforcers can maintain their behavior are the
key ingredients identified both in teaching
pigeons to play ping-pong and in developing
complex skills in the classroom. - Why Plagiarism? The student merely moved the
authors words around, inserting and deleting
small portions as needed. The student has not
used quotation marks for the portions that are
still identical to the original, and has not
credited the original author. - Correct Version The same factors apply to
developing complex skills in a classroom setting
as to developing complex skills in any setting.
A response must be induced, then reinforced as it
gets closer to the desired behavior. Reinforcers
have to be scheduled carefully, and cues have to
be withdrawn gradually so that the new behaviors
can be transferred and maintained (Gredler).
13When would you use a paraphrase instead of a
summary?
- A paraphrase is necessary when you want your
reader to completely understand another authors
text or when you are arguing against a specific
point
- a summary is used when you are referring only
generally to the original or are using that piece
as only one of several you are citing for a
particular point.
14So, what goes on the Note Card??
- As you find interesting facts about your topic,
you will write them down. - Each idea should be quoted word for word,
paraphrased, or summarized (in your own words),
and written on a card.
15Stay organized
- In order to keep your ideas in order, and to
remember where you found the ideas, there are
four items that you should include on the index
card
163. paraphrased information
- It is helpful to paraphrase or summarize most of
your research on the index cards. If you are
consistent in paraphrasing at this stage, then
you will be certain not to accidentally
plagiarize someone else's work. You will also
have less work to do when you are actually
writing the paper. - However, for this research speech, you may
incorporate more direct quotes, but you must
state the source directly in your speech.
171. Card Topic
Topic is the kind of information on the
card. Think of it as the title, or main idea of
the card. After writing down the information,
figure out how you could briefly categorize, or
title it.
18Card Topic
- For example, if you are writing a paper on the
life and works of the poet, Langston Hughes, you
may have cards with topics such as - Hughes' upbringing
- Hughes' influences
- Hughes' poetry
- Hughes' political beliefs
- Hughes' influence on America
- These categories or your main points or
background (summary of novel) will or should
become your Roman Numerals on your outline and
you will organize your cards based on your points
and/or background
19Sample Note Cards
202. Source Title
- The source title is the name of the book,
magazine, website, etc., in which you found the
information.
In thisexample, the source was given a number,
instead of writing out the entire title, author,
etc.
214. page numbers
- It is important to be accurate with the page
numbers, if provided, on your note cards, as you
will need them for citations throughout your
research paper. If this source is from a
non-paginated internet source, then you will not
have page numbers.
22THE END!
- You can do the following
- --Use my template
- --Hand write your cards on 3 x 5 or 4 x 6 cards
- --Type your information and then paste them onto
- note cards
- YOU MAY NOT CREATE YOUR OWN TEMPLATE
- These are now due Monday, April 27, 2015.
- You must print out typed ones and have them
- cut and organized with a separate source card per
- Source.