WFD-Monitoring in Denmark NOVANA

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WFD-Monitoring in DenmarkNOVANA
Brian Kronvang NERI
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WFD-monitoring set new standards for a holistic
interdiciplinary programme
River morphology
River hydrology
River Ecology
River chemistry
River biology
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Surveillance monitoring

• Surveillance monitoring shall provide information
• for supplementing and establishment of
• Reference conditions in streams and rivers,
• Design of future monitoring programmes,
• Assessment of long-term trends in natural
  conditions,
• Assessment of long-term trends resulting from
  widespread anthropogenic activities.
• The Danish River Monitoring Programme shall
• fulfil the requirements of
• National Administrative Requirements
• Other EU Directives
• Other International Requirements (eg. HELCOM,
  OSPAR)

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Operational Monitoring (regional)

• Additional monitoring points shall be selected
  for streams and
• rivers not fulfilling the objective of a good
  ecological quality as
• follows
• pressures from point source(s)
• pressures from diffuse anthropogenic sources
• significant hydromorphological pressures.
• An initial analysis of pressures and ecological
  impacts in
• Danish streams and rivers will be conducted
  catchment
• by catchment to investigate the needs for further
  Operational
• Monitoring Points being situated
• Downstream major urban areas with or without
  sewage treatment plants
• Downstream major industrial plants
• Other point sources (oil treatment facilities,
  mining, fish ponds, etc.)
• Integrated monitoring in agricultural catchments.

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Investigative monitoring

• Investigative monitoring shall be carried out
• where
• the reason for any exceedance is unknown
• surveillance monitoring indicates that the
  ecological objectives set are not likely to be
  met
• the magnitude and impacts of accidental pollution
  is not known
• Examples could be
• Accidental discharges from Nuclear Power Plants,
  oil refineries, etc.
• Sudden changes in the ecological state in a river
  shown by the biota in order to clarify the
  reason(s)
• Investigation of nutrient fluxes in agricultural
  catchments

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Perspectives

• A very strict timetable exists for the
• implementation of EUs Water Framework
• Directive regarding
• River Typology (December 2004)
• Pressure - Impact Analysis (December 2004)
• Establishment of Reference Conditions (December
  2004)
• Establishment of WFD Monitoring Programme
  (December 2006)

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Surveillance and Operational Monitoring of
Streams in Denmark

• NOVANA
• Danish Aquatic Monitoring Programme 2004-

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The stream and river network Surveillance
Monitoring
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Extensive Ecological monitoring The ecological
quality in streams

• 800 stream stations once
• every 6 years
• 680 impacted stations
• 120 reference stations
• A sub-set of 250 stations every 3 years

• Sampled once
• Macroinvertebrates (DVFI)
• Macrophytes
• Fish
• Plants on riparian areas
• Stream physical description
• Hydrological regime
• Organic matter, nutrients and macro-ions

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The stream and river networkSurveillance
Monitoring
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Monitoring of hydrology, nutrients, organic
matter and acidification

• A total of 180 stream stations with fortnightly
  sampling
• 110 river mouth stations for loading to sea
• 9 reference catchments
• 75 mostly agricultural catchments
• 5 larger streams with organic and inorganic
  micro-pollutants (pesticides, heavy metals,
  PAHs, PCB,s, etc.

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Intensive Ecological Monitoring The ecological
quality in streams and riparian areasOperational
Monitoring

• 50 stream stations once
• every year
• Sampled once during each year
• Description of land use in riparian areas
• C/N/P in riparian soils

• Macroinvertebrates (DVFI)
• Macrophytes (permanent transects)
• Fish
• Plants on riparian areas
• Extended stream physical description
• Hydrological regime
• Organic matter, nutrients and macro-ions

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Monitoring of Lakes Surveillance and Operational
Monitoring

• NOVANA
• Danish Aquatic Monitoring Programme 2004-

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Lake monitoring

• 23 larger lakes (gt5 ha) intensively sampled 12-26
  times every year.
• 240 larger lakes (gt5 ha) sampled in a 3 year
  rotation (80 lakes every year) monthly in summer
  period.
• 480 small lakes (0.1-5 ha) sampled in a 6 year
  rotation (80 lakes every year) monthly in summer
  period.
• 480 ponds (0.01-0.1 ha) in a 6 year rotation (80
  ponds every year) with 1 sample per year.

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Monitoring of GroundwaterSurveillance Monitoring

• NOVANA
• Danish Aquatic Monitoring Programme 2004-

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Groundwater monitoring

• 70 GRUMO areas in different parts of Denmark each
  having on average of 20 wells in younger and
  deeper groundwater reservoirs.
• Sampling every 6 year in old groundwater
  reservoirs
• Every 1-2 year in younger groundwater

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Groundwater monitoring

• Age (CFC-gas dating)
• Nutrients
• Macro-ions
• Pesticides and metabolites
• Inorganic trace metals
• Organic micro-pollutants (PAH, phenols,
  detergents,etc.)

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Monitoring of Agricultural catchments -
investigative monitoring

• NOVANA
• Danish Aquatic Monitoring Programme 2004-

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Six representive micro-catchments

• Questionnaire of farmers behaviour on the field
  level every year (6 catchments)
• Soil water stations (6-8 fields in each
  catchments with 10 suction cups in 1 m depth -
  weekly sampling in runoff period)
• Subsurface tile drainage water stations (1-4
  stations in 3 catchments - point sampling and
  flow-proportional sampling)
• Groundwater stations (20 wells per catchment in
  1½-5 m depth and a few deeper wells).
• One stream station per catchment (fortnightly
  point sampling and flow-proportional fortnightly
  composite sampling).
• Modelling of nitrogen leaching applying the DAISY
  model.
• Modelling of catchment hydrology and nitrogen
  dynamics (3 catchments).

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Variables included

• Climatic and hydrologic variables at all stations
• Nitrogen fractions at all stations
• Phosphorus fractions at all stations
• Pesticides in groundwater wells
• Other micro-pollutants as heavy metals, PAHs,
  PCBs, etc.

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Future needs - 1

• Conduct a linked pressure/impact analysis for
  sub-basins in Lithuania based on the existing
  monitoring data and collected data on point
  source emissions, land use, agricultural
• Select the future river surveillance monitoring
  stations.
• Select the future river operational monitoring
  stations.
• Defining and digitising catchment boundaries for
  RBDs, sub-basins and monitoring stations.
• Optimising sampling strategies and development of
  final sampling and analytical protocols.

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Pressure - Impact analysisCatchment by catchment
Land-use
River morphology
Assessment of expected hydro-morphological,
chemical and biological quality
Catchment analysis
Point source pollution
Monitoring
Non-point source pollution
Water Abstractions
River Basin Management Plans Implementation of
measures
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Future needs - 2

• Identification of potential reference sites.
• Develop models to predict reference conditions
  as the observed deviation from the expected
  biological reference characteristics is used to
  express ecological quality at a given stream site
  as a ratio between 0 and 1.
• Calibrating existing biological indices to
  Lithuanian conditions.
• Development of regional monitoring activities to
  support local decision-makers and to validate
  that the RMP is representative.