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The Roaring Twenties

• Boom Bust

2
Victory, Prohibition Jazz
3
The Economy

• The wartime economy took some time to convert to
  civilian production
• Strong demand for pulp paper, cars and other
  goods that had been restricted during the war
• However, prices for natural resources went down
  as a result of the war ending
• Ontario, Quebec British Columbia strong
  economic growth due to manufacturing

4
Maritime Economy

• Weak Economy
• Prairie farmers suffered as price of wheat
  decreased 60 as a result of higher global
  production
• Prices for coal, iron, fish lumber fell
• High freight rates 42 decrease in
  manufacturing as jobs shifted to Central Canada
  (Ont. Que.)

5
Changes in Trade

• Britain was Canadas largest trade partner prior
  to the 1920s
• American economy grows rapidly after war demand
  for Canadian resources
• 1925 USA is Canadas largest trade partner!
• Canadian Resources ? USA ? American
  manufactured goods ? Sold back to Canada
• Is this trade arrangement good for Canada?

6
Foreign Ownership

• 1920s American investment in Canada increased
• Tariff policies prevented free trade Americans
  established Branch Plants
• Branch Plant ? Americans establish factories in
  Canada to produce for the Canadian market
• Pros Jobs created, investment in Canadian
  infrastructure
• Cons Profits returned to USA, Branch plants
  answer to American owners undermine Canadian
  autonomy

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Changes in Politics Liberal Party

• Liberal Party
• 1919 Sir Wilfrid Laurier dies
• William Lyon Mackenzie king new Liberal leader
  (grandson of W. L. Mackenzie)
• Good compromiser (like Laurier) cautious not to
  take sides

9
Changes in Politics Conservative

• Robert Borden resigned in 1920
• Arthur Meighen new leader
• Excellent orator strong opinions not very
  flexible

10
Changes in Politics Progressive Party

• Prairie based party
• Farmers not happy with tariffs
• Frustrated with power influence of central
  Canada
• Prairie farmers form new Progressive party
• In 1921 form Opposition elect first female M.P.
  Agnes Macphail

• Agnes Macphail First female elected to House of
  Commons as Progressive M.P.

11
1925 Election

• 1925  GENERAL ELECTION (1925.10.29)
• Conservative 116
• Liberal 99
• Progressive 24
• Other 6
• According to these results which party should
  form the government?
• RightArthur Meighen expected to be Prime
  Minister
• But, the crafty politician Mackenzie King summons
  the support of the opposition and forms a
  coalition party, thus giving himself a
  majorityand control of the government. Look at
  it like this
• Government 99 Opposition 146 Minority 47
• Who holds the majority from this perspective?

12
Byng-King Crisis

• In 1925 the Liberals under Mackenzie King formed
  government
• Liberals were caught in corruption scandal
  Kings minority government suffers vote of
  non-confidence
• King asks Governor General Byng to call election
• Byng refuses and asks Meighen to be P.M.
• Meighens government only lasts 3 days before it
  falls to a vote of non-confidence as well
• During the election King accuses Byng of taking
  orders from London and ruling Canada like a
  colony.

13
What do you think?

• Did Lord Byng overstep his role?
• No, Byng was within his power to deny this
  request he felt it was in the best interests of
  all Canadians
• Byng was trying to save the cost of an election
  if he could
• Was King being honest about why Byng refused to
  grant him his wish for an election?
• No. Byng refused to consult with London for the
  very reason it would appear that Canada was again
  being ruled as a colony
• Why did Kings accusation appeal to Canadians?
• King capitalized on Canadians newfound sense of
  nationalism and independence Canadians were not
  going to tolerate taking orders from a British
  Lord, even if he was right!

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Changes in Canadian Soceity

• Jazz Age
• Role of Women