EARTHQUAKES

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EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOES
REVIEW
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Which seismic waves are the fastest?
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P waves
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Which seismic waves are the first to be recorded?
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P waves
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Which seismic waves are the second to be recorded?
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S waves
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Which seismic waves can only travel through
solids?
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S waves
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Which seismic waves are the slowest?
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L waves
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Which seismic waves travel on the surface?
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L waves
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What is the boundary between the crust and the
mantle due to the change of speed of seismic
waves?
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Moho
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What are the areas called where neither S nor P
waves can be detected?
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Shadow zones
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What is the theory that says energy builds up on
each side of a fault and the rocks move slowly
and then spring back to their original shape?
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Elastic rebound theory
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What are small tremors that occur after the first
release of energy?
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aftershocks
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What is the area where the slippage first occurs
inside the earth?
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focus
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What is the point on earths surface directly
above the focus?
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epicenter
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What are the three classifications of foci?
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Shallow, intermediate, and deep
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What are the three major earthquake zones?
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1. Pacific Ring of Fire
2. Mid-ocean ridges
3. Eurasian Mediterranean mt. belt

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What is the name of the fault in California where
the Pacific plate and North American plate slide
past each other?
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San Andreas Fault (technically its the N.
American plate and the Juan de Fuca plate)
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What is the device used to record earthquakes?
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Seismograph
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How many stations are needed to locate an
earthquake?
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three
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Which scale measures the magnitude or the amount
of energy released from an earthquake?
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Richter Scale
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What are the numbers for the Richter scale?
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Arabic Numerals They begin a 1-2 and it is an
open-ended scale, based on the seismographs
reading.
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Which scale measures the intensity or amount of
damage from an earthquake?
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Mercalli
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What are the numbers for the Mercalli Scale?
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Roman numerals
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What can be generated from an earthquake with an
epicenter on the ocean floor?
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Tsunami
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What is the molten rock beneath earths surface
called?
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magma
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What is molten rock on earths surface called?
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lava
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What is it called when one plate moves under
another plate and forms volcanic mountains?
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subduction
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What is it called when plates move apart and
magma rises to form new ocean floor?
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Sea-floor spreading
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What are areas of volcanic activity within a
plate (not on a boundary) called?
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Intraplate volcanism(aka hot spot)
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What is the lava that comes from quiet eruptions
called?
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Mafic (aka basaltic lava)
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What is the lava that comes from explosive
eruptions called?
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Felsic Lava(aka rhyolytic lava)
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What is mafic (basaltic) lava that looks ropey
and wrinkled when it is hardened?
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pahoehoe
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What is mafic (basaltic) lava that is sharp and
jagged when it hardens?
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aa
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What is the volcanic cone that has gently sloping
sides from quiet explosions?
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Shield Cone Volcano
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What is the volcanic cone that has steep sides
from explosive eruptions?
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Cinder cone
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What is the volcanic cone that is a combination
of quiet and explosive layers?
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Composite Cone(aka stratocone)
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What is a funnel shaped pit at the top of a vent
that formed when a volcano exploded?
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crater
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What is formed when a volcanic cone collapses
when emptied, leaving behind a large basin that
can fill with water?
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caldera
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The name of a volcanic fragment is determined by
what?
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The name of a volcanic fragment is determined by
what?
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Size of the particle
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What is the general name for rock fragments that
are ejected from a volcano?
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tephra
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What are the two smallest types of tephra?
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Dust and ash
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What are clots of lava that spin into the air and
cool to make a spindle shape?
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Volcanic Bombs
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What is the name of the largest volcano on Mars?
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Olympus Mons
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What is the name of Jupiters moon that has the
most active volcanoes?
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Io
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This concludes todays fun. Please put everything
away and lets begin the test!!!