Total Standards Picture

1
Total Standards Picture

• Client PC and Server Must be Compatible at All
  Six Layers

Application
Application
Transport
Transport
Internet
Internet
LAN Subnet (NIC)
LAN Subnet (NIC)
2
Upper Layers

• Application Layer
• Standard depends on the application
• File service
• Print services
• Electronic mail
• Etc.

Application (service)
3
Upper Layers

• Transport and Internet Layers
• All new servers use TCP/IP standards
• Transport layer TCP
• Internet layer IP

Transport (TCP)
Internet (IP)
4
Upper Layers

• Novell NetWare
• Now uses TCP/IP
• Before, used NetWares proprietary IPX/SPX
• Many old NetWare servers still use IPX/SPX

Application
Other
NCP
Transport
SPX
Internet
IPX
IPX
5
Upper Layers

• Novell NetWare
• IPX at the internet layer
• NCP at transport application
• File service, print service, etc.
• SPX sometimes at transport

Application
Other
NCP
Transport
SPX
Internet
IPX
IPX
6
Upper Layers

• All Servers on a LAN Use the Same Subnet Layer
  Standards, which are implemented by NICs
• Servers can differ in upper-layer standards

App
App
App
TCP
SPX
NetBEUI
IP
IPX
802.2
802.2
802.2
802.3 MAC
802.3 MAC
802.3 MAC
100Base-TX
100Base-TX
100Base-TX
7
Upper Layers

• Client Software is Flexible
• Speaks TCP/IP to Windows NT Server, UNIX, new
  Novell NetWare Servers
• Speaks IPX/SPX to older NetWare Servers
• Simultaneously!

TCP/IP
IPX/SPX