TCP/IP???? ???? DNS????

1
TCP/IP???????? DNS????
2

• ??????
• ??DNS??????????????
• ?????????????
• ????????
• ?????????
• ??IPv6 DNS ?????

3
11.1 ????????

• ????,??1??IP??,?????????????????????????????????
  ,APPSERVR??Internet??,???Web???????????,?www.myweb
  .com???,???????????????????????Web????
• ??,TCP/IP???????????????,TCP/IP????IP?????,?????
  ?????????IP??,??,TCP/IP????????????????IP?????
  ????????????IP????,?????????????????,?????????????
  ?????,????????TCP/IP??????????????????????NetBIOS
  ???????
• ???????
• ???????????IP????????????????????TCP/IP?????????
  ??????????7??????IP?????????????,TCP/IP??????????7
  ??????????
• ?????HOSTNAME??????????
• ??HOSTS????\SYSTEMROOT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC????

4

• DNS
• NetBIOS???????????RAM?,??nbtstat c????
• WINSWindows Internet Name Service,?????NetBIOS???
  ???
• ??
• LMHOSTS???HOSTS???????????
• ?????????????????????Ping?FPT?Web???(HTTP)?
• NetBIOS????
• ???????????????NetBIOS???????(API)
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????NetB
  IOS?????
• NetBIOS??????NetBIOS??,???????????????,
  NetBIOS??????? NetBIOS?6????NetBIOS?????IP??????6?
  ??????????,????????????? NetBIOS?6????????
• NetBIOS?????
• WINS

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• ??
• LMHOSTS??
• ????
• DNS
• ??NetBIOS????????????Windows Explorer?NT
  Explorer??????????(?net use?net view??)?
• NetBIOS??????????????????
• ???TCP/IP?????,?????????????????????????????????
  ??????,?????????????????IP????????????????????

?????????? ??????????
????? NetBIOS???
???(HOSTNAME) NetBIOS????
HOSTS?? WINS
DNS ??
NetBIOS???? LMHOSTS??
WINS HOSTS??
?? DNS
LMHOSTS??
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• ????????????????????????????TCP/IP??????????????
  ???????,?????????WINS??????,??????????????????NetB
  IOS???
• ??,????????,???NetBios????16???,?15?????,?16???
  ???????NetBios??????????? DNS???????,??????,?????
  ?????????255???,?????????????????,????????????????
  
• DNS???Internet?????,???????(?Http,Ftp,Email??)??
  ???DNS??????????????"??????DNS,???????Internet"??
  ?,DNS???????????

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11.2 DNS???

• DNS( Domain Name System)??????????,???????????
  ?????????????,???TCP/IP??,?????????????,(?netedu.u
  stc.edu.cn) ????????IP??(?202.38.80.200)????????
  ?????????,????????????,??????IP??????????,??????
  ????????????IP???DNS????????
• 11.2.1????
• ?????????????,????????????????????????????????/?
  ??????????????,?????????????????????????,?????????
  
• ?????????????????,???????????????????DNS????????
  ?????????,????????????,??????.??????????????????
  ?????????(zone),????????????(domain),?????????(LAB
  EL),?????????????????(domain name),???????????????
  ???DNS?,???????????????,?.???????????????63?????
  ????????????????????????????

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• ?????????????,????????????(?????????????)???????
  ???????????(Absoulte Domain Name),????????????????
  ?
• ?(Domains) ??????????????,????????????????,????,
  ??????????????????????,zhuhai.gd.cn????????zhuhai.
  gd.cn????
• ?DNS?,??????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????(????)??????DNS???????.
  ?????????????????
• ???,?????,????DNS???????,??????????????????,??
  ?????????????
• ?????,???????????,????????????,?????????????????
  ?,???????????,????????????????????????????????????
  ??,?????????????,??????????????.??,sun.com??sun??,
  ???sun?internet???????????????

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Internet???????
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11.2.2 ?????

• ?????????????????????(name server)??????????????
  ??(????zone)??????????????????????
• ??????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????,?????
  ????????????
• DNS??????????primary Master ? secondary
  Master?PM????????????????????????????,SM??????????
  ???????????????????????SM??????????PM?????????????
  ????
• ?????,??????PM?????????SM?????,????????.????????
  ??????????????,?????

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11.2.3 ???

• ???????????????????????(Resolver),?bind?????????
  ???,?????telnet?ftp??????????????????????????,????
  ,?????????,???????????
• 11.2.4 ????????
• ???????????????????,????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????,???????????????,?????
  ??????????,??????????in-addr.arpa??
• in-addr.arpa??????Doted-octet(?32bitIP??????.?
  ?????8bit ?????????) ????IP???IP???????????????,??
  ??????????,www.zhuhai.gd.cn?IP???202.105.177.100,?
  ???in-addr.arpa???177.105.202.in-addr.arpa,?IP????
  ????????????????????????????in-addr.arpa????????17
  7.105.202.in-addr.arpa????????177.105.202?????

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• ?????????IP?????????,???????????
  (????????,??????)???????????????????????????????
• ??,  ?SUN?Solaris 2.4 ???????????????, ?
  host.rev, ?????? ???????
• 120.128.in-addr.arpa  IN SOA integv.integralis.ed
  u 
• 99.16 IN PTR integv.integralis.edu 
• 98.16 IN PTR issws.integralis.edu
• ......... ...... ....... ...
• 11.2.5 ??????
• ?????????????,???????????????,?????,?????????????
  ???????,?????????????????????????.???????,????????
  ???????????,??????????????????????????????????
• ???(TTL)????????????????????,???????,???????????
  ?????????????????????.????????????????????

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11.3 DNS?????

• 11.3.1 ????
• Internet?????????,??????.??,??????(??cn, jp,
  com, net, org....),?????????????????,??www.qysl.ne
  t?net???,qysl????,??????? DNS????????????????????
  ??(name server)????????????????????,??????????????
  ??????????????????????www.qysl.net?www?????IP??,??
  ??qysl.net??????????DNS???????/???????????Windows?
  ??????????DNS?????????Web??????DNS???????,??????

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• ??????????????
• (1)?Web????????http//www.qysl.net(????????????),
  Web???????????????????DNS??????
• (2)DNS????????IP???DNS?????????????www.qysl.net
  ???Web????IP??????
• (3)DNS?????????????????????www.qysl.net????????
  ????????DNS?????????????
• (4)?????????????DNS????????????????????www.qysl.
  net????IP???192.168.1.2?Web???,????(9)??
• (5)?????????????????,DNS??????????????????????DNS
  ?????????????
• (6)????????????DNS???,??????????????,????(9)??
• (7)??????????????????,???DNS?????????????????DNS?
  ????????
• (8)??DNS???????????DNS????
• (9)DNS???????????DNS????
• (10)DNS??????????????????????,Web?????????IP

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• ???????????DNS????????DNS??????????,????????????
  ?????,???????????????????????????????????????,???
  ??DNS???????????
• 11.3.2 ??????
• ???????,??Recursive?Interactive???????DNS????,?
  ?????Interactive??,?????????Interactive???????????
  ?,????????????,???????????????????
• ???(Recursive)DNS????DNS Server?????,????????????
  ????,????????????,????????????????????????????????
  ?????
• ???(Interactive)DNS Server??????,?Client???DNS
  Server??????,??????????,?????????????????????,????
  ??????????????,????????????IP??,?????????IP???????
  ????,?????????????

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11.4 DNS ????

• ?? DNS ????????????????,????????????????,? IP
  ???????????????????

???DNS?????? ???DNS?????? ???DNS??????
?????? ?? ??
SOA ?????? ??????????????????????????????????,????? DNS ??????????????????
A ?? ??????????? IP ???????????????
CNAME ???? ??????????????
MX ????? ???????????????????????
NS ????? ??????????????????
PTR ???? ????IP????????????
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11.5 IPv6?????

• IPv6?????????,???????????,??,IPv6???????????????
  ????,?????????,????????????????????,IPv6??????????
  ?????,?????????????,IPv6??????????????,???????????
  ???????,IPv6????????????????????????IPv4???? IPv6
  ????DNS????,??IPv6?????DNS???????????IPv6
  DNS??????IPv6??????IPv6????????????IPv4?IPv6??????
  ??IPv6???DNS?????????
• IPv6????DNS?IPv4?DNS??????????,??????????????IPv
  4???IPv6????????????????IPv4 DNS???IPv6
  DNS??,????,DNS????????????????,IPv4?IPv6??????????
  ???IPv4?IPv6?????,???????????IPv4?IPv6????????IPv6
  ?????,IPv6???????IPv4???

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11.5.1 DNS?IPv6????????

• IPv6?????????????????????,??????????????????????
  ??? 
• ??
• FP(001)????????????????(FPFormat
  Prefix)(3??)TLA ID???????(Top-Level
  Aggregation Identifier)RES????????NLA
  ID???????(Next-Level Aggregation
  Identifier)SLA ID????????(Site-Level
  Aggregation Identifier)INTERFACE ID ?????

3 13 8 24 16 64??
FP TLAID RES NLAID SLAID Interface ID
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• IPv6?????????????????????TLA(???ISP???????)????
  ??,???????????NLA(????ISP)????,NLA??????????SLA(??
  )??????????IPv6???????DNS?????????????????????DNS?
  ????????????????????
• 11.5.2???? IPv4?????????????A???IPv6???????????
  ?????,?,AAAA?A6?????,AAAA????4,???A?????
  ??,??IP???32????128?,???4?,???????A???4?A?AAA
  A???????IPv6???????,??????????? A6?RFC28745?
  ??,?????IPv6?????A6??????,??A6???????IPv6?????
  ?,???????????IPv6???A6??????AAAA????????,?????
  ,????(Renumber)?? ??,A6??????TLA?NLA?SLA??????1
  28??IPv6????????????????????,?????????????????????
  ????????,?????????????IPv6?????????IPv6???????,???
  ??????

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• ??,?????ISP?,??ISP?????????IPv6?????????????????
  DNS??????,??????????????A6?????????,???????????I
  SP????,??????DNS????????????????????????,?????????
  
• ????,??host.example.com???example.com(SLA)??,
  example.com????example1.net(NLA)??,?example1.net??
  ????ISP-A.net(TLA)???????????????????IPv6
  DNS??????example1.net??ISP,?????DNS??ISP????,?????
  ??example.com?????DNS????1IPv6DNS???ORIGIN
  example.com. host IN A6 64 0000421
  company.example1.net.ORIGIN example1.net.compan
  y IN A6 32 002011860 SUBSCRIBER-X.ISP-A.net
  ORIGIN ISP-A.net.SUBSCRIBER-X IN A6 0
  3ffe8050?2??1???????"AAAA"???????ORIGIN
  example.com.host IN AAAA 3ffe80502011860000
  0421

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11.5.3 ????

• IPv6????????IPv4??,?PTR,???????????????
  .??????16??????(Nibble Format),??????,??????,???
  ?IP6.INT.?????????(Bit-string)??,?\??,16????(
  ????,????,????)??,????,????IP6.ARPA.????16???
  ????AAAA??,??IPv4?????????????A6????,????A6?
  ?,???????????,???????DNAME????A6??,???????????
  ????? ??,?????????IPv6???????????,??????????????,
  ???????????????????,?????????????????DNS??????????
  ????????????????????????????,???????????,???????DN
  S?????,??????????????????????

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11.5.4 IPv6???????DNS

• IPv6??????????67,???????????,?????????????,I
  Pv6???????????????????????????,???????????IPv6????
  ?????????????????????? ?????????????,????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????,?????????????,
  ????????????????????????????,?DHCP(????????),????D
  HCP???,?????/??????DHCP?????????????? IPv6???????
  ?????IPv6??????????,??????????DNS?????????????????
  ?????DNS????????????????????DNS???????????????????
  ???????? ????????,????????DNS????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????,??DNS??????????????DNS?
  ?????????????DNS???,???????,??DNS????????????????D
  NS?????????????????DNS??,???DNS?????????????DNS???
  ?

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• ??,???????????????,?????????????????????????????
  ???????????DNS??????,???DNS????????????????????DNS
  ???????????,????????????????,?????????DNS?????????
  ???????DNS?????????????,???,???????????,??????????
  ???????DNS????????????? ?????DNS????????,?????DHC
  P???????DNS??????????????DNS?????????,????????????
  

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11.5.5 IPv6?????DNS 

• ?IPv4?IPv6??????,??Internet?????DNS?????????????
  ??????IPv4?IPv6?DNS???????????,????IPv4???IPv6????
  ?DNS?????,?????????DNS-ALG??NAT-PT???9,?IPv4?IPv
  6????????????????,IPv4?????????A??,?IPv6??AAAA
  ?A6?????,IPv4??????IPv6???DNS?????A??,DNS-ALG?
  ?A???AAAA,????IPv6????DNS?????????????DNS-ALG?
  ,DNS-ALG????,?AAAA??A,?IPv6????DNS-ALG?????IPv
  4????,???IPv4?????IPv6???????????NAT-PT,????IPv4??
  ??????????IPv4???IPv4??????IPv4??????????????IPv6?
  ???NAT-PT???????????

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???????????????,?DNS????????A??? "AAAA"(?"A6")?
???????????IPv4??,?????IPv6 ??,??????DNS
ALG????????DNS?????A???? "AAAA"??,????????
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????

• ??????http//staff.ustc.edu.cn/leeyi