Chemical Names and Formulas

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Chemical Names and Formulas

• Overview
• Metals and Non-Metals
• Ions and Ionic Charges
• Types of Compounds
• Systematic Names
• -Writing Names and Formulas

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Naming Compounds Tutorial

• General Information
• Binary Ionic Compounds
• Ternary Ionic Compounds/Poly-atomic Ions
• Naming w/metals that have more than 1 charge
  (Transition Metals)
• Molecular Compounds
• Naming Acids

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Metals and Nonmetals

• Stairway Of Division on Periodic Table
• C, P, Se, I, Rn and to the right are non- metals
• B, Si, As, Ge, Sb, Te, Po, At are semi- metals
• All others are metals

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Ions

• Cations Positively Charged Atoms
• i.e. Na

• Anions Negatively Charged Atoms
• i.e. Cl-

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IONIC CHARGES

• Group I -gt
• Group II -gt
• Group III -gt
• Group IV -gt

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

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IONIC CHARGES

• Group V -gt
• Group VI -gt
• Group VII -gt
• Group VIII -gt

• 3-
• 2-
• 1-
• Noble Gases

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TYPES OF COMPOUNDS

• Ionic Compounds
• composed of positive and
• negative ions.
• usually formed from a metal and non-metal.
• these elements are not attached
• to one another.

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TYPES OF COMPOUNDS

• Ionic Compounds cont
• Examples
• NaCl
• CaBr2
• KI

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CHEMICAL FORMULAS

• Definition
• shows the kind and numbers of
  atoms in the smallest representative unit
  of the substance.
• i. e.
• NaCl

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IONIC COMPOUNDS

• A formula unit is the lowest whole number ratio
  of ions in an ionic compound.
• i.e. Na2Cl2 -gt NaCl
• There is no such thing as a molecule of
  NaCl!!!!!!!!!

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NAMING COMPOUNDS

• Your ability to name compounds and write
  formulas hinges on your ability to recognize
  whether a compound is Ionic or Molecular.

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BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS

• Binary means 2 elements
• Ionic means a metal and a non-metal (or cation
  and anion)
• Writing Formulas
• charges must balance so
• compound charge is neutral.

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BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS

• Writing Formulas from Names
• 1st word CATION
• 2nd word ANION name
• with ide ending.

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BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS

• NaBr
• MgF2

• Sodium Bromide
• Magnesium Fluoride

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BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS

• Potassium Chloride
• Aluminum Oxide
• notice ending of name is ide!

• KCl- -gt KCl
• Al23O32- -gt Al2O3

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Polyatomic Ions

• Definition tightly bound groups of atoms
  that behave as a unit and carry a charge.
• Example SO32-, NO2-, ClO2-

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TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS

• Ternary means 3 different elements
• Usually contain Poly-atomic Ions
• Ionic means cation and anion

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TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDSWriting Formulas

• Ca2CO32- -gt
• CaCO3

• Calcium Carbonate

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TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS Naming

• Calcium Nitrate

• Ca(NO3)2

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Naming with Transition Metals

• First word CATION
• Second word ANION
• You need to determine what charge is on the
  transition metal if more than one exists.

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Naming Transition Metals

• Copper (I) Oxide

• Cu2O

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Writing Formulas with Transition Metals

• FeCl3
• FeCl2

• Iron (III) Chloride
• Iron (II) Chloride

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TYPES OF COMPOUNDS

• Molecular Compounds
• composed of molecules in which elements
  share electrons.
• usually composed of 2 nonmetals.
• these elements are attached

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MOLECULAR FORMULA

• Definition
• shows the numbers and
• kinds of atoms present in a
• molecule of a compound.
• i. e.
• CO

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TYPES OF COMPOUNDS

• Molecular Compounds cont
• Examples
• CS2
• SiO2
• BF3

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BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

• Binary means 2 elements
• Molecular means 2 non-metals
• NO ionic charges are present

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Naming Binary Molecular Compounds

• Prefixes are used to show how many atoms are
  present in each molecule.
• mono, di, tri,tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa,
  nona, deca

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Writing Binary Molecular Compounds

• Carbon Dioxide
• Di means 2 oxygens!!

• CO2 no mono prefix is used on first element

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Naming Binary Molecular Compounds

• 2 ways its done!
• (prefix element name)
• i.e. N2O
• dinitrogen monoxide

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Naming Binary Molecular Compounds

• (prefix element root ide)
• i.e. PCl3
• Phosphorous Trichloride
• All binary compounds end in ide!!!

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Naming with Acids

• Anion Endings ide
• Example HCl

• Acid Name hydro- (stem)- ic acid
• Hydrochloric Acid

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Naming with Acids

• Anion Ending ite
• Example Hydrogen Sulfite

• Acid Name (stem)-ous acid
• Sulfurous Acid

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Naming with Acids

• Anion Ending ate
• Example Hydrogen Sulfate

• Acid Name (stem)-ic acid
• Sulfuric Acid