Recommendations for wind integration studies

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Recommendations for wind integration studies
Set-up and portfolio development

• Hannele Holttinen, Lennart Söder, Jonathan Ruddy,
  Mark OMalley

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Wind integration studies

• Integration studies are made for various reasons.
  System impact studies often first steps towards
  defining wind penetration targets
• Wind integration study results - and
  methodologies used vary
• IEA WIND Task 25 is working on providing best
  available information on how to perform a wind
  integration study for research institutes,
  consultants and system operators

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Flow chart of a complete wind integration
studyNot all studies look at all the elements
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Input data. Set-up and portfolio development.
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Transmission planning
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Reliability / Capacity value
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Flexibility analysis and Unit commitment/Economic
dispatch
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Analyses and Results
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TSO view for Transmission planning
Similar elements as the flow chart
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Input data. Set-up and portfolio development.
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Input data power plants and grid
Forced outages
Flexibility, Fuel prices
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Input data wind and load

• Synchronous load and wind data for capacity value
  and dispatch simulations

Smoothing effect large area, dispersion
Hourly time series
Hourly time series
WPP capabilities
Time series of generation and forecast errors
Time series of generation and forecast
errors Demand side options of flexiblity
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Set-up and portfolio development

• How is wind power added replacing something or
  remaining system being the same?
• Simple way is just adding wind power to existing
  system
• What kind of system is studied now or future?
• Adequate system for the future, different with
  wind than without
• What penetration levels of wind ?
• Aim for the study to find integration costs,
  impacts, consequences
• Main set-up will have crucial impacts on results
  and may need to be changed due to restrictions
  from the study simulations
• Iteration loops changing generation portfolio,
  transmission, operational practices may be needed
  

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Study limitations

• Input data often inadequate
• Model/simulated time series data has problems
• Upscaling existing wind data has problems
• Models have their limitations
• Time step small enough to capture variability of
  wind
• Forecast errors of wind and load accuracy
  improving as delivery hour approaches
• Grid limitations
• Future system operational practices/transmission
  and power plant input data can alter the results

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Analyses and results of wind integration studies

• Hannele Holttinen, Mark OMalley

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Outputs from simulations

• Increased load served when adding wind power
• Transmission reinforcement needed for
  transmission adequacy
• Use of main transmission corridors impact on
  losses
• Flexibility assessment
• Production cost simulations
• Fuel use operating costs, emissions
• Use of conventional power plants and curtailments
  for wind power
• Market prices

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Analyses

• Results that can be drawn from the simulations
• Transmission expansion/reinforcement needed
• Impact on transmission losses, congestion
  management, stability
• Capacity value of wind power
• Increased reserve requirements
• Decreased emissions due to wind power
• Decreased fuel use and cost
• Increased cycling losses/costs for conventional
  generation
• Comparison to catch the wind impact can be
  challenging to set-up

taking into account increased balancing duty of
conventional generation
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Integration costs

• Integration cost discussion challenging, if not
  impossible to separate system costs to different
  generators. Both the grid and balancing actions
  are used by the system as a whole. System
  services are there for all loads and generators
• TSOs do not usually allocate transmission costs
  for any new transmission
• How to finance transmission that will anticipate
  future wind? How to finance and recover costs of
  transnational transmission?
• When high integration costs from analyses ?
  iteration loop to change operational practices
  could change the results

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Key messages

• Data, models and set-up assumptions crucial
• Integrated approach all elements are linked,
  iteration loops
• Evolving methodologies and tools, also better
  data available as more experience from wind power
• Recommendations will contain also advice on how
  to present and document the results for easier
  comparisons
• Basic assumptions and limitations of the data and
  models are important to state

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Recommendations publication

• The first edition planned for this year
• Updated version at the end of the 3 year period
  of Task 25 (2014)

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Country Institution
Canada Hydro Quebec (A.Robitaille) Manitoba Hydro (T. Molinski) Natural Resources Canada (S.Lalande)
China SGERI (Bai Jianhua, Hu Bo)
Denmark Risø-DTU (Poul Sørensen) Energinet.dk (Antje Orths)
EWEA European Wind Energy Association (Frans van Hulle)
Finland VTT (Hannele Holttinen, Juha Kiviluoma)-OperatingAgent
Germany ISET (Bernhard Lange) TSO Amprion
Ireland ECAR/UCD (Mark OMalley) TSO Eirgrid
Italy TSO Terna (Enrico Maria Carlini)
Japan AIST (Junji Kondoh)
Norway SINTEF (John Olav Tande) TSO Statnett (T. Gjengedal)
Netherlands we_at_sea, ECN (Jan Pierik) TUDelft (M.Gibescu)
Portugal LNEG (Ana Estanquiero) TSO REN (Jose Osario) INESC-Porto (J. Pecas Lopes) UTL-IST (Ferreira Jesus)
Spain University of Castilla La Mancha (Emilio Gomez Lazaro)
Sweden KTH (Lennart Söder)
UK DGSEE (Goran Strbac), TSO National Grid
USA NREL (Michael Milligan) UWIG (Charles Smith)

• IEA WIND Task 25 Design and operation of power
  systems with large amounts of wind power
• www.ieawind.org

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Discussion

• What is the value of integration studies?
• Are the results of integration studies
  meaningful?
• Are the integration studies useful?
• What experiences you have on studies ?
• Can you contribute to our report? Comments,
  suggestions to recommendations