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Global History 12

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Global History 12 Berlin Wall What they wanted The West Prevent USSR from gaining control of East Germany To see a united, democratic Germany The East Maintain ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Global History 12


1
Global History 12
  • Berlin Wall

2
What they wanted
  • The West
  • Prevent USSR from gaining control of East Germany
  • To see a united, democratic Germany
  • The East
  • Maintain control over E Germany
  • Make the West recognise it as an independent
    state
  • Stop the flood of refugees especially the skilled
    and professional ones much needed in E Germany

3
Events of 1961
  • June-Vienna Summit
  • Khrushchev pressured new American President John
    F Kennedy
  • Demanded withdrawal of Western forces from West
    Berlin Kennedy refused
  • July Western powers reject Khrushchevs Vienna
    demands
  • July 23 Flow of refugees from East to West
    1000 a day
  • July 25 Kennedy repeats support for West Berlin
    and announced increase in arms spending

4
Events contd
  • 13-22 August Khrushchev and East German govt.
    orders barbed wire barrier across Berlin,
    followed by a wall of concrete blocks
  • All of West Berlin encircled apart from access
    points
  • This was against the Four Power agreement reached
    in Paris on 20 June 1949.

5
Did Kennedy really mind the wall? He had
protected West Berlin and he never promised to
protect East Berlin?
6
Results
  • Important results for Berlin, Germany and the
    Cold War
  • Berlin was divided, free access ended between
    East and West, many families split, many
    attempted to escape to the West-between 1961 and
    1989, anywhere from 100-200 people died trying to
    cross the Berlin Wall

7
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8
Results contd
  • Kennedy accepted the Soviet action. He refused to
    use US troops to pull down the wall to avoid war.
  • Kennedy looked weak but West turned it into
    propaganda why if Communism was so attractive
    was a wall needed?
  • 1963 Kennedy visited West Berlin pledged
    continued support Ich bin ein Berliner (I am
    a Berliner) famous speech
  • Khrushchev lost face by failing to remove the
    West from Berlin
  • YouTube - The Berlin Wall (extract from BBC and
    CNN Series Cold War)
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