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Instructional Focus Document Notes Grade 8/Social Studies UNIT: 05 TITLE: More Perfect Union Part 1: Principles of the Constitution – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Instructional Focus Document Notes Grade 8/Social Studies


1
Instructional Focus Document NotesGrade 8/Social
Studies
  • UNIT 05 TITLE More Perfect Union
  • Part 1 Principles of the Constitution

2
Constitution
  • After the Founding fathers had written the
    Constitution in 1787 at the Philadelphia
    Convention, there had been a division among many
    delegates as to how the new Constitution should
    operate.
  • Federalists wanted a loose interpretation of the
    Constitution
  • Anti-Federalists (Democratic Republicans) wanted
    a strict interpretation of the Constitution.

3
Constitution
  • There had already been a series of debates,
    issues, and compromises which had taken place
    during the Constitutional Convention including
  • The Great Compromise
  • The 3/5 Compromise
  • Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
  • The Federalist Papers
  • The Bill of Rights

4
Preamble to The U.S. Constitution (The purpose)
  • We the people of the United States in order to
    form a more perfect union, establish justice,
    insure domestic tranquility, provide for the
    common defense, promote the general welfare, and
    secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and
    our posterity, do ordain and establish this
    Constitution for the United States of America.

5
  • The delegates at the Constitutional Convention
    had also made sure that the Constitution would
    answer and eliminate the grievances that had been
    listed in the Declaration of independence, such
    as

6
Answered Grievances
  • Grievances in the Declaration Of Independence
  • Taxation without representation
  • king has absolute power
  • Colonists not allowed to speak out against the
    king
  • Quartering Act forced colonists to house British
    soldiers
  • Colonists homes could be searched without any
    kind of warrant
  • Colonists were not allowed a trial with a jury of
    their peers
  • Answered in the Constitution
  • All states are represented in Congress
  • Congress has the power to override a presidential
    veto
  • 1st amendment-Freedom of speech
  • 3rd amendment-No quartering of troops
  • 4th amendment-No unwarranted search or seizure
  • 6th amendment-Speedy and public trial, by an
    impartial jury.
  • 7th amendment Right to a trial by jury of peers.

7
Principles of the Constitution
  • The Constitution was written with 7 principles.
    These are
  • Limited Government- The Constitution and laws
    define the limits of those in power. Everyone
    including those with authority must obey the
    laws. Our government is restricted in what it may
    do.
  • Republicanism- This philosophy means a limited
    government with elected representatives who serve
    the will of the people. Our government is based
    on the consent of the governed.

8
Principles of the Constitution
  • Popular Sovereignty- This concept means that
    political power rests with the people of this
    country. We can create, alter, or abolish the
    government. We exercise this power by voting and
    participating in government.
  • Individual Rights- These are the rights protected
    with the Bill of Rights. (First 10 amendments to
    the U.S. Constitution) Added in 1791 the Bill of
    Rights included protection of free speech and
    press, freedom of religion, right to bear arms,
    and other personal rights.
  • Separation of Powers- This is the division of our
    Government into 3 branches. The Legislative
    branch, Executive branch, and Judicial branch.

9
Separation of powers
  • The Great Compromise also divided the Legislative
    branch into TWO houses. A House of
    Representatives based on population of a state,
    and The Senate where every state gets two
    senators.

10
  • Checks and Balances- This system does not allow
    any one branch of Government to have too much
    power. Each branch of government holds the other
    2 in check, which keeps our government in
    balance.

11
Federalism
  • Federalism- The distribution of power in our
    country between the Federal Government and the
    Individual State Governments. There are some
    powers delegated ONLY to the Federal Government,
    and there are some powers delegated ONLY to State
    Governments

12
Federalism
13
Amendments
  • Our Constitution can be changed by adding
    amendments. After the Bill of Rights was added in
    1791 (The first 10), our Constitution was amended
    17 more times, for a total of 27 Amendments.
  • The process by which our constitution is amended
    involves the proposal for an amendment by
    Congress (both houses) with a 2/3 majority, or a
    proposal from 2/3 of the states. The Amendment
    then must be RATIFIED by ¾ of the state
    legislatures.

14
How a Bill becomes a Law-
15
Judicial Review
  • Judicial Review- This is the ability of the U.S.
    Supreme Court to interpret the Law. If the
    Supreme Court decides a law violates the
    Constitution, it can not go into effect, or if it
    is already in effect, the law would no longer be
    legal. This allows a balance between the 3
    branches of government. This also allows the
    Supreme Court to determine the Constitutionality
    of laws made by Congress.

16
Marbury v. Madison
  • Judicial Review originated with the case of
    Marbury v. Madison. Chief Justice John Marshall
    who had been appointed by President John Adams
    presided over the case. John Marshall was a wise
    choice by Adams because of his ability to discuss
    issues logically and make well reasoned
    arguments.

17
Marbury v. Madison
  • Incoming President Thomas Jefferson had ordered
    James Madison not to deliver outgoing President
    John Adams last minute Judicial appointments.
    When William Marbury sued Madison for the
    delivery of his appointment, John Marshall and
    the Supreme Court decided that the law that had
    allowed William Marbury to sue was
    unconstitutional. The case of Marbury v. Madison
    established this precedent of Judicial Review.
  • Judges make decisions based on the rules set
    forth in the U.S. Constitution.
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