Founding Documents

1
Founding Documents

• Basics of Declaration of Independence and
  Constitution
• Complete Bill of Rights

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Declaration of Independence

• Break up letter between American colonists
  King George III of England
• Key Principles
• Natural Rights (Basic rights to all humans)
• Consent of the Governed (I get to have a say in
  my government)
• List of grievances against the King (what he was
  doing wrong)

3
US Constitution

• Explains our government
• Article I Legislative Branch (Pass bills/laws,
  impeachments, pass budget, approve treaties)
• Article II Executive Branch (command armed
  forces, enforce laws, sign treaties, sign/veto
  laws sent by Congress)
• Article III Judicial Branch (Interpret laws,
  decide Un/Constitutionality)
• Limits our government
• Example Govt cant take your land unless they
  pay you fair value for it

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Three Branches
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Legislative Branch
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Seven Principles of Govt

• Popular Sovereignty -a government in which the
  people rule (demonstrated best by voting)
• Republicanism people elect representatives to
  make decisions
• Federalism- power shared/divided by national and
  state governments
• Separation of Powers - the division government
  roles into three branches
• Checks and Balances - each branch of government
  can exercise checks, or controls over the other
  branches
• Limited Government government is limited in its
  power and must obey laws like citizens?
• Individual Rights - personal liberties or
  privileges

7
The Bill of RightsThe First 10 Amendments to the
Constitution
Start a table like this. Only do the title row.
(You dont know how much room you will need for
each.) Well add more as we go.
Rights Guaranteed Picture for Each Right
1


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Amend?

• What does Amend mean?
• To change or alter
• So why change the rules of government?
• The first 10 Amendments were simply to guarantee
  personal rights
• Beyond those - because society changes
• Example 19th Women can vote, 18th Alcohol should
  be illegal, 21st Oh wait, that didnt go well, no
  it shouldnt.

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1st Amendment

• The 1st Amendment guarantees freedom of religion,
  speech, the press, assembly, and petition.
• This means that we all have the right to
• practice any religion we want to
• to speak freely
• to assemble (meet)
• to address the government (petition)
• to publish newspapers, TV, radio, Internet
  (press)

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2nd Amendment

• The 2nd Amendment protects the right to bear
  arms, which means the right to own a gun.

12
3rd Amendment

• The 3rd Amendment says No soldier shall, in time
  of peace be quartered in any house, without the
  consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in
  a manner to be prescribed by law.
• This means that we cannot be forced to house or
  quarter soldiers.

13
4th Amendment

• The 4th Amendment protects the people from
  unreasonable searches and seizures.
• This means that the police must have a warrant to
  enter our homes. It also means the government
  cannot take our property, papers, or us, without
  a valid warrant based on probable cause (good
  reason).

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5th Amendment

• The 5th Amendment protects people from being held
  for committing a crime unless they are properly
  indicted, (accused)
• You may not be tried twice for the same crime
  (double jeopardy)
• You dont have to testify against yourself in
  court. (Self-incrimination)
• If govt is going to take your property, they
  must pay you (Eminent Domain)

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6th Amendment

• The 6th Amendment guarantees a speedy trial (you
  cant be kept in jail for over a year without a
  trial)
• an impartial jury (doesnt already think you are
  guilty)
• that the accused can confront witnesses against
  them
• the accused must be allowed to have a lawyer

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7th Amendment

• The 7th Amendment guarantees the right to a
  speedy civil trial.
• A civil trial differs from a criminal trial. A
  civil trial is when someone sues someone else. A
  criminal trial is when the state tries to convict
  someone of a crime.

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8th Amendment

• The 8th Amendment guarantees that punishments
  will be fair and not cruel, and that
  extraordinarily large fines will not be set.

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9th Amendment

• All rights not stated in the Constitution and not
  forbidden by the Constitution belong to the
  people.
• This means that the just because a right isnt
  listed, it doesnt mean people/states dont have
  it.

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10th Amendment

• The 10th Amendment states that any power not
  granted to the federal government belongs to the
  states or to the people.
• This is where the South argued states rights to
  keep slavery

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But waitTheres more

• Now go back and highlight all the amendments that
  deal with rights of the accused
• Which amendments are they?
• Fourth
• Fifth
• Sixth
• Eighth