The SESAR Target Concept of Operations ASAS Related Aspects

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The SESAR Target Concept of OperationsASAS
Related Aspects

• Presented by
• Andy Barff Drafting Team Member Task 222

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Topics

• A Trajectory Based Environment
• ATM Capability Levels
• ASAS in the SESAR environment
• ASAS Delivering Performance
• Safety Airport Surface
• Airport Capacity Low Visibility Operations,
  Merging and Spacing, Closely Spaced Parallel
  Approaches
• Airspace Capacity Task Delegation
• Efficiency and Environment Close as possible to
  User Preferred Trajectory, Cruise-climb
• Access/Equity and Flexibility Mixed operations
• Conclusions

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SESAR is

• Performance Driven
• Process Orientated
• Trajectory Based
• Founded on SWIM

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A Trajectory Based Environment

• Trajectory based operations
• A new approach to airspace design and flexible
  airspace management
• Business Trajectory ownership
• User involvement in decision making processes
• Users determine how constraints shall be applied
  whenever possible
• Trajectory management
• An agreed 4D trajectory for each flight as
  close as possible to the user preferred
  trajectory which may include cruise climb - route
  structures only deployed when/where essential for
  capacity reasons.
• Authorised by controllers using new separation
  modes or executed by the flight crew using
  airborne separation modes
• Executed with an agreed precision
• Trajectory revisions respect the concept of
  ownership
• 4D trajectories are the principle language for
  information sharing

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The SESAR TimescaleATM Capability Levels
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ATM Capability Levels
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Aircraft is a node on the SWIM network
Available 2025 Trajectory Sharing Air-Air Met
data sharing (Air-Air/Air-Ground) Avionics with
Longitudinal Navigation Performance Capability
(4D Contract) and Airborne Self-Separation
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ATM Capability Level
SESAR 2020 Requirements Trajectory Sharing
meeting ATM requirements Avionics with Vertical
Navigation Performance capability multiple RTA
and Airborne Separation capability
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Aircraft Delivered 2013 onwards ADS-B/IN and
avionics enabling airborne spacing Sequencing
and Merging Datalink Link 2000 applications
CDTI
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Current Aircraft ADS-B/out (position/aircraft/m
et data) Avionics with 2D-RNP, vertical
constraint management and a single RTA Datalink
Event reporting/Intent sharing
0
2010
2020
2030
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ASAS ApplicationsSESAR Context
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ASAS Applications

• Situational Awareness (ATSA) - aware of all
  surrounding traffic and its intent

TOD
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ASAS Applications

• Situational Awareness (ATSA) - aware of all
  surrounding traffic and its intent

Intention of previous landing aircraftto vacate
via the rapid exit
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ASAS Applications
Spacing (ASPA) aware of all surrounding traffic
and its intent - achieve and maintain a specific
time/distance behind the specified aircraft ahead
TOD
90secs
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ASAS Applications
Separation (ASEP) aware of all surrounding
traffic and its intent execute airborne
separation in relation to other specified
aircraft trajectories
TOD
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ASAS Applications
Separation (ASEP) aware of all surrounding
traffic and its intent execute airborne
separation in relation to other specified
aircraft trajectories
TOD
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ASAS Applications
Self-Separation (SSEP) aware of all surrounding
traffic and its intent execute airborne
separation in relation to all other aircraft
trajectories
Managed Airspace
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ASAS Applications
Self-Separation (SSEP) awareness of all
surrounding traffic and its intent execute
airborne separation in relation to all other
traffic
Particularly as an enabler to cruise climb.
Managed Airspace
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ASAS Delivering PerformanceSituational
Awareness for Safetyon the Airport Surface
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ASAS Delivering Performance

• Situation Awareness (ATSA) delivering safety on
  the airport surface
• Comair 5191 Lexington accident 27/08/06 NTSB
  recommends the installation of cockpit moving
  map displays or an automatic system that alerts
  pilots when a takeoff is attempted on a taxiway
  or a runway other than the one intended
• ASMGCS is foreseen to provided surveillance,
  safety and surface guidance information to
  controllers only in its most sophisticated form
  (level 4) cockpit systems are included
• SESAR advocates the accelerated development of
  cockpit based displays providing guidance and
  warnings directly to the flight crew as well as
  the controller
• Prime SESAR safety goal is the elimination of ATM
  related accidents on the airport surface
• The SESAR SWIM network will facilitate the flow
  of all relevant data directly to wherever it is
  needed (air-air, air-ground, ground-air)

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ASAS Delivering PerformanceASAS Spacing for
Consistent Runway Throughput
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ASAS Delivering Performance

• Airport Capacity ASAS Spacing (ASPA) delivering
  consistent runway throughput
• Delegation of specific tasks to flight crew
• SESAR foresees P-RNAV routings merging towards
  final approach facilitating continuous descent
  approaches (CDA)
• The proposed arrival management technique is the
  use of Controlled Time of Arrival (CTA) over a
  waypoint in the vicinity of the airport
  (exploiting FMS RTA capability) resulting in the
  precise sequencing of traffic
• ASPA techniques can be used to facilitate the
  accurate merging of trajectories into a final
  single stream
• ASPA can then ensure precise time-based spacing
  on final approach
• ASPA techniques relieve controllers of multiple
  routine tasks

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ASAS Delivering PerformanceASAS Separation for
Safety and Capacityon the Airport Surface in Low
Visibility
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ASAS Delivering Performance

• Airport Capacity - Maintaining airport throughput
  in low visibility by use of ASEP
• The logical step beyond ATSA on the airport
  surface is an ASAS Separation application
  (ASEP-SURF) enabling flight crew to provide
  separation on taxiways when unable to see outside
  the flight deck
• SESAR provides opportunities for new techniques
  based on enhanced sharing and display of
  information to both controllers and flight crew
• Increasing safety and maintaining throughput in
  Low Visibility Conditions are leading
  characteristics of the SESAR concept

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ASAS Delivering PerformanceASAS Separation
Maximising Throughput ofClosely Spaced Parallel
Runways
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ASAS Delivering Performance

• Airport Capacity ASAS Separation improving the
  exploitation of existing and future closely
  spaced parallel runways avoiding the high costs
  of building segregated runways ASEP-CSPA
• In IMC precision monitoring is required for
  parallel approaches spaced between 1525mtrs and
  1035mtrs
• High precision RNAV combined with cockpit
  monitoring of separation may provide an
  alternative to ground based monitoring
• ASEP-CSPA has the potential to unlock additional
  capacity if the concept can be proved to be safe
  and efficient at spacing of less than 1035mtrs
  (existing and future runways)
• A lot of research and analysis has already been
  conducted, the problem is well understood
• SESAR capabilities may offer a chance to develop
  acceptable procedures within a reasonable
  timescale
• Contributing to the SESAR objective of
  maintaining throughput in all weathers

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Sequence to fix continuous descent
Slowly converging separated P-RNAV routes no
need for a platform altitudeASEP automated
monitoring of parallel streams
Optimised arrival stream- maximising landing
rate- limited only by wake vortex ACAS will need
to be filteredfor designated aircraft
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ASAS Delivering PerformanceASAS Separation
Reducing Controller Task Load per Flight
Increasing Airspace Capacity
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ASAS Delivering Performance

• Airspace Capacity - reducing controller task load
  per flight ASEP techniques
• This involves the delegation of both tasks and
  responsibility
• This aspect has been given high importance by
  SESAR but we know that research has yet to
  confirm real potential
• The SESAR environment of precision trajectories
  will enable conflict situations to be detected
  and resolved earlier due to better predictions
  and precision clearances can ASEP provide
  tactical resolution of residual conflicts thereby
  potentially reducing controller workload?
• Can ASEP techniques enable airspace users to
  determine the most efficient solution given the
  constraint? (the conflicting aircraft)
• Also minimising disturbance to the most efficient
  trajectory?

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Conflict Resolution - ASAS Solution (courtesy of
Dassault Aviation)
ADS-B will provide
? An accurate position of the Intruder
? The Track of the Intruder
? The Ground Speed of the Intruderand so the
intruder relative course
F
M
S
1
? Appropriated route change might be proposed to
the pilot
If the target is designated by ground systems
ASEP If target is designated by airborne systems
SSEPIn both cases airborne resolutionFor
pilot no real difference

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ASAS Delivering Performance

• Efficiency and the Environment
• The SESAR concept documents state that the User
  Preferred Trajectory may include cruise climb
  segments (5 fuel saving even if just at very
  high altitude)
• Airborne self-separation techniques may enable
  cruise-climb at high altitude
• Airborne separation techniques can assure minimum
  disruption of trajectory
• However..
• Access and Equity, Flexibility
• SESAR states that there shall be no segregation
  on basis of equipment
• Therefore airborne separation techniques must be
  integrated in managed airspace operations
• SESAR foresees a mixed environment where non-ASAS
  equipped a/c will be receiving a separation
  service and ASAS equipped a/c may separate
  themselves from all other aircraft
• So.

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ASAS Delivering Performance

• Can ASEP and SSEP perform in the SESAR mixed
  equipage environment?
• The trajectories of all aircraft will be known
  and shared
• Trajectories are foreseen to be more stable than
  today with much less last minute tactical
  intervention problems will be detected earlier
  thanks to precise trajectory predictions and
  resolved with closed-loop trajectory revisions
• Therefore in Low/Medium density operations there
  should be very few last minute control
  interventions
• In this more stable environment could a paradigm
  shift in separation provision occur with ASAS
  becoming the tactical mode when needed (rarely)?

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An integrated approach
NextGen ASAS applications
Oceanic ASAS applications
SSEP
ASEP (SSEP in low density?)
ASPA Merging and Spacing

ASEP-CSPA
A global family of advanced techniques -
delivering enhanced performance
SURF applications
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Conclusions

• ASAS is expected to make a significant
  contribution to achieving the SESAR performance
  objectives
• The validation process will address this claim
• Airborne separation has a role in all airspace
  types
• Focus of research should be on the ASAS
  applications that have the potential to deliver
  the required performance in the long term
• Be they simple ATSA-SURF
• Or the most challenging SSEP in a mixed
  environment
• The right form of phased approach will emerge
• ATM procedures using ASAS must be safe, simple,
  homogenous a global family of advanced
  techniques delivering enhanced performance
• Co-ordination is required with NextGen and then
  ICAO
• EUROCONTROL/FAA Action Plan 23 can facilitate
  prioritising and co-ordination

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SESAR D3 Milestone DeliverableContains the
Target Concept of OperationsPublication within
a few days