Virtualization

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Virtualization
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Definisi Virtualisasi

• Virtualization berasal dari kata Virtual atau
  Maya yang menerangkan sebuah teknik menciptakan
  sesuatu yang maya dari sesuatu yang konkrit.
• Teknik ini telah diterapkan sejak jaman mainframe
  dan dan terus terus berkembang berkembang sampai
  sampai diterapkan diterapkan pada pada cloud
  cloud computing sebagai satu feature yang sangat
  penting.
• Walaupun tentunya penerapan teknik virtualisasi
  ini berbeda.

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Sejarah Virtualisasi

• Pada jaman mainframe computing atau
  Host-Terminal system, teknik virtualisasi ini
  sudah diterapkan pada sistem memory. Dengan
  teknik ini jumlah memory seakan disulap menjadi
  berlipat ganda dari jumlah memory secara fisik
  yang sesungguhnya.
• Bayangkan saja sistem PDP-11 sebuah minicomputer
  yang hanya mempunyai memory sebesar 64 KB memory
  saja bisa dirubah sehingga mempunyai kemampuan
  untuk melayani puluhan users. Coba bandingkan
  saja saja dengan dengan komputer komputer PCPC
  yang yang umum umum kita kita pakai pakai,,
  memorynya memorynya saja saja sudah sudah 22 GB
  tetapi hanya melayani 1 user saja.
• Prinsip cukup sederhana, dengan bantuan hard disk
  dan kenyataan bahwa eksekusi setiap program dari
  user adalah satu instruksi setiap saatnya, maka
  hanya sebagian program saja yang diangkut ke
  memory pada setiap saat dan sisanya mendekam di
  harddisk yang baru diangkut ke memory sampai
  dibutuhkan atau eksekusi program tersebut tiba
  pada instruksi yang dikandungnya.
• Prinsip manfaat yang kita peroleh dari teknik
  virtualisasi ini adalah meningkatnya kemampuan
  jumlah user yang bisa dilayani secara bersamaan

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Sejarah Virtualisasi

• Lalu berkembang sebuah teknik irtualisasi yang
  mensimulasi sebuah hardware atau PC secara
  software misalnya Virtual PC.
• Virtual PC ini berfungsi sama persis seperti
  sebuah komputer lengkap dengan operating
  systemnya dan siap dipergunakan user sebagaimana
  sebuah PC beneran layaknya.
• Untuk mempergunakan virtual pc ini maka user
  harus menjalankan software cpc yang yang telah
  telah diciptakannya itu karena karena virtual pc
  ini hanyalah merupakan sebuah file saja. Jadi
  dengan mempergunakan sebuah PC kita bisa
  menciptakan virtual pc bermacam-macam seolah kita
  mempunyai beberapa PC dalm arti sesungguhnya.
• Salah satu tujuan penggunaannya adalah untuk
  testing software sehingga apabila ada terjadi
  masalah atau virus sekalipun maka PC benerannya
  tidak akan kena imbasnya karena segala yang
  terjadi hanya di dalam virtual pc itu sendiri.
• Penanggulangannya semudah menghapus sebuah file
  dan menciptakan virtual pc yang baru.

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Manfaat Virtualisasi

• Tujuan lain dari virtualisasi adalah untuk
  memaksimalkan pemanfaatan sebuah fasilitas
  infrastructure seperti processor, network, dan
  communication channel.
• Tanpa disadari bahwa processor lebih banyak
  nganggurnya daripada sibuk bekerja.
• Pada waktu anda melakukan pekerjaan mengetik
  dengan Microsoft word sebenarnya processor
  tidaklah begitu banyak dipergunakan. Apalagi
  kalau kita bicara printer tentunya tidak mungkin
  atau jarang kita melakukan printing dengan
  printer itu. Jadi lebih banyak nganggurnya
  daripada dipakai.
• Kenyataan inilah yang menyadarkan dunia bisnis
  untuk mengirit biaya, misalnya biaya biaya media
  media telekomunikasi telekomunikasi.. Seandainya
  Seandainya dulu dulu menyediakan menyediakan 11
  jalur jalur untuk untuk 11 departemen, sekarang
  tidak lagi tetapi mungkin cukup hanya 2 jalur dan
  dishare dengan teknik virtualisasi oleh semua
  departemen. Hebatnya teknik virtualisasi ini
  adalah bahwa pihak user tidak mengetahui
  kenyataan ini dan merasa atau mengetahui bahwa
  mereka memiliki 1 jalur sendiri yang tidak
  dipakai bersama2 dengan pihak lainnya.

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Manfaat Virtualisasi

• Bisa meningkatkan UTILITY atau pemanfaatan
  infrastructure mencapai 100 atau semaksimalnya.
• Bisa menciptakan imunisasi atau security dimana 1
  user tidak bisa mengganggu atau merusak user
  lainnya karena mereka masing masing terselubung
  dalam 1 virtual machine.
• Bisa memberikan elastisitas atau
  ketidakterbatasan infrastructure kepada setiap
  user.
• Bisa menciptakan virtual machine atau virtual
  desktop yang sesuai dengan spesifikasi prosesor,
  memory, harddisk, dsb yang dibutuhkan oleh user.
• Sehingga user cukup pakai sebuah IPAD saja untuk
  mengoperasikan sebuah virtual super desktop atau
  komputer secanggih apapun karena semua proses
  dilakukan di cloud host/server dan IPAD itu hanya
  berfungsi sebagai kepanjangan monitor dan
  keyboard saja.

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Key Properties of Virtual Machines

• Partitioning
• Run multiple operating systems on one physical
  machine
• Divide system resources between virtual machines

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Key Properties of Virtual Machines

• Partitioning
• Run multiple operating systems on one physical
  machine
• Divide system resources between virtual machines

• Isolation
• Fault and security isolation at the hardware
  level
• Advanced resource controls preserve performance

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Key Properties of Virtual Machines

• Partitioning
• Run multiple operating systems on one physical
  machine
• Divide system resources between virtual machines

• Isolation
• Fault and security isolation at the hardware
  level
• Advanced resource controls preserve performance

• Encapsulation
• Entire state of the virtual machine can be saved
  to files
• Move and copy virtual machines as easily as
  moving and copying files

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Key Properties of Virtual Machines

• Partitioning
• Run multiple operating systems on one physical
  machine
• Divide system resources between virtual machines

• Isolation
• Fault and security isolation at the hardware
  level
• Advanced resource controls preserve performance

• Encapsulation
• Entire state of the virtual machine can be saved
  to files
• Move and copy virtual machines as easily as
  moving and copying files

• Hardware-Independence
• Provision or migrate any virtual machine to any
  similar or different physical server

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Software virtualization Technology Platform

• Emulation
• Instruction-set/pure emulation 8086 emulator
  on IA-32
• OS-API emulation wine
• Hosted virtualization
• VMWare ESX server, User Mode Linux
• Para-virtualization
• Xen, Denali
• Container based virtualization
• Linux Vserver, Solaris Zones, BSD Jails,
  FreeVPs, OpenVz

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Emulation or simulation

• the virtual machine simulates the complete
  hardware, allowing an unmodified "guest" OS for a
  completely different CPU to be run. This approach
  has long been used to enable the creation of
  software for new processors before they were
  physically available. Examples include Bochs,
  PearPC, PPC version of Virtual PC, QEMU without
  acceleration, and the Hercules emulator.
  Emulation is implemented using a variety of
  techniques, from state machines to the use of
  dynamic recompilation on a full virtualization
  platform.

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Hosted Virtualization

•  form of full virtualization where
  the hypervisor runs on top of a host OS

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Paravirtualization

• the virtual machine does not necessarily simulate
  hardware, but instead (or in addition) offers a
  special API that can only be used by modifying
  the "guest" OS. This system call to the
  hypervisor is called a "hypercall" in Xen,
  Parallels Workstation and Enomalism it is
  implemented via a DIAG ("diagnose") hardware
  instruction in IBM's CMS under VM (which was the
  origin of the term hypervisor).
• Examples include VMware ESX Server, Win4Lin 9x,
  and z/VM.

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Platform Virtualization
Para-virtualization (Type 1)
Hosted-virtualization (Type 2)
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Hypervisor

• Hypervisors are currently classified in two
  types
• Type 1 hypervisor (or Type 1 virtual machine
  monitor) is software that runs directly on a
  given hardware platform (as an operating system
  control program). A "guest" operating system thus
  runs at the second level above the hardware.
• The classic type 1 hypervisor was CP/CMS,
  developed at IBM in the 1960s, ancestor of IBM's
  current z/VM. More recent examples are Xen,
  VMware's ESX Server, and Sun's Hypervisor
  (released in 2005).
• Type 2 hypervisor (or Type 2 virtual machine
  monitor) is software that runs within an
  operating system environment. A "guest" operating
  system thus runs at the third level above the
  hardware.
• Examples include VMware server and Microsoft
  Virtual Server.

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• This is the preferred technology for running
  Linux servers as it is the fastest approach.
  OpenVZ is container-based virtualization for
  Linux. OpenVZ creates multiple secure, isolated
  containers (otherwise known as CT, VEs or VPSs).
  Each container performs and executes exactly like
  a stand-alone server a container can be rebooted
  independently and have root access, users, IP
  addresses, memory, processes, files,
  applications, system libraries and configuration
  files.

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Resource Virtualization

• The basic concept of platform virtualization, was
  later extended to the virtualization of specific
  system resources, such as storage volumes, name
  spaces, and network resources.

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Resource Virtualization

• Resource aggregation, spanning, or concatenation
  combines individual components into larger
  resources or resource pools. For example
• RAID and volume managers combine many disks into
  one large logical disk.
• Storage Virtualization refers to the process of
  completely abstracting logical storage from
  physical storage, and is commonly used in SANs.
  The physical storage resources are aggregated
  into storage pools, from which the logical
  storage is created. Multiple independent storage
  devices, which may be scattered over a network,
  appear to the user as a single,
  location-independent, monolithic storage device,
  which can be managed centrally.
• Channel bonding and network equipment use
  multiple links combined to work as though they
  offered a single, higher-bandwidth link.
• Virtual Private Network (VPN), Network Address
  Translation (NAT), and similar networking
  technologies create a virtualized network
  namespace within or across network subnets.
• Multiprocessor and multi-core computer systems
  often present what appears as a single, fast
  processor.

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Resource Virtualization

• Computer clusters, grid computing, and virtual
  servers use the above techniques to combine
  multiple discrete computers into larger
  metacomputers.
• Partitioning is the splitting of a single
  resource (usually large), such as disk space or
  network bandwidth, into a number of smaller, more
  easily utilized resources of the same type. This
  is sometimes also called "zoning," especially in
  storage networks.
• Encapsulation is the hiding of resource
  complexity by the creation of a simplified
  interface. For example, CPUs often incorporate
  cache memory or pipelines to improve performance,
  but these elements are not reflected in their
  virtualized external interface. Similar
  virtualized interfaces hiding complex
  implementations are found in disk drives, modems,
  routers, and many other "smart" devices.

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Linux-related virtualization projects
Project Type License
Bochs Emulation LGPL
QEMU Emulation LGPL/GPL
VMware Full virtualization Proprietary
z/VM Full virtualization Proprietary
Xen Paravirtualization GPL
UML Paravirtualization GPL
Linux-VServer Operating system-level virtualization GPL
OpenVZ Operating system-level virtualization GPL
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Virtualization Examples

• Server consolidation - Virtual machines are used
  to consolidate many physical servers into fewer
  servers, which in turn host virtual machines.
  Each physical server is reflected as a virtual
  machine "guest" residing on a virtual machine
  host system. This is also known as
  Physical-to-Virtual or 'P2V' transformation.

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Virtualization Examples

• Disaster recovery - Virtual machines can be used
  as "hot standby" environments for physical
  production servers. This changes the classical
  "backup-and-restore" philosophy, by providing
  backup images that can "boot" into live virtual
  machines, capable of taking over workload for a
  production server experiencing an outage.

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Virtualization Examples

• Testing and training - Hardware virtualization
  can give root access to a virtual machine. This
  can be very useful such as in kernel development
  and operating system courses.

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Virtualization Examples

• Portable applications - The Microsoft Windows
  platform has a well-known issue involving the
  creation of portable applications, needed (for
  example) when running an application from a
  removable drive, without installing it on the
  system's main disk drive. This is a particular
  issue with USB drives. Virtualization can be used
  to encapsulate the application with a redirection
  layer that stores temporary files, Windows
  Registry entries, and other state information in
  the application's installation directory and
  not within the system's permanent file system.
  See portable applications for further details. It
  is unclear whether such implementations are
  currently available.

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Virtualization Examples

• Portable workspaces - Recent technologies have
  used virtualization to create portable workspaces
  on devices like iPods and USB memory sticks.
  These products include
• Application Level Thinstall which is a
  driver-less solution for running "Thinstalled"
  applications directly from removable storage
  without system changes or needing Admin rights
• OS-level MojoPac, Ceedo, and U3 which allows
  end users to install some applications onto a
  storage device for use on another PC.
• Machine-level moka5 and LivePC which delivers
  an operating system with a full software suite,
  including isolation and security protections.

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VMware VMotion
73 of VMware customers have implemented VMotion
in production

• Live migration of virtual machines
• Zero downtime

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VMware DRS
67 of VMware customers use DRS in production
Business Demand

• Dynamic and intelligent allocation of hardware
  resources
• Ensure optimal alignment between business and IT

Resource Pool
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Ensure High availability with VMware HA

• VMware HA automatically restarts virtual machines
  when a physical server fails

X
Resource Pool
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Distributed Power Management
Minimize power consumption while guaranteeing
service levels

• Consolidates workloads onto fewer servers when
  the cluster needs fewer resources
• Places unneeded servers in standby mode
• Brings servers back online as workload needs
  increase

Business Demand
Power Off
Resource Pool
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VirtualCenter Components

• VirtualCenter Management Server Minimum one
  management server license required to manage
  individual ESX Server instances Analogous to
  IBM Director server

• VirtualCenter VMotion required on every ESX
  Server instance on which VMotion is intended to
  be used
• Requires VC Agent License

• VirtualCenter Agent this is the management
  agent required for every ESX Server instance
  being managed by VirtualCenter Analogous to IBM
  Director agent

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VirtualCenter Capabilities
Centralized Management
What's new
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Introducing VMware Site Recovery Manager
Site Recovery Manager leverages VMware
Infrastructure to transform disaster recovery

• Simplifies and automates disaster recovery
  workflows
• Setup, testing, failover, failback
• Provides central management of recovery plans
  from VirtualCenter
• Turns manual recovery processes into automated
  recovery plans
• Simplifies integration with 3rd-party storage
  replication

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Replication with VMware Array-Based Replication
DR SITE
PRIMARY
WAN or Dark Fiber
Target VMFS
Source VMFS
SLAs High