9.15 am Virtualisation, What is it and Why is it?

1
Agenda A Virtual Reality

• 9.15 am Virtualisation, What is it and Why is
  it?
• Rob Lovell (SWsoft)
• 10.00 am Citrix/Application Virtualisation
• Fraser Kyne (Citrix)
• 10.30 am Hardware, Intel and Virtualisation
• Dimitrios Ziakas (Intel)
• 11.00 am Coffee Break
• 11.15 am Virtuozzo 3.5.1 Live Demonstration
• Paul Martin (SWsoft)
• 11.45 am Underlying Technologies, and Reducing
  the risk
• Andy Bailey (Stratus)
• 12.15 pm Policy Based Orchestration Automation

2
VirtualisationWhy and What It Is?

• A Virtual Reality
• Rob Lovell, Managing Director

3
SWsoft Corporate Overview and Growth

• Headquartered in Herndon, VA
• Offices in USA, Europe and Asia
• Privately funded, strong financials
• Fastest Growing Virtualisation Technology - 98
• In 05 170 growth, Funding from by Bessemer,
  Insight and Intel
• Profitable
• 8 Market Share of i386 Virtualised Environments
• Expert team 600
• 400 Top-notch engineers
• Organic Hiring Strategy
• Alexey Kuznetsov, TCP/IP in Linux
• 40 patents pending
• Successfully expanding to Enterprise Market
• Market leader position in the ISP/Telco space

Moscow,RussiaRD
London, UK Sales Marketing
Novosibirsk,RussiaRD
Frankfurt,GermanyInternational Operations
Tokyo,JapanSales Marketing
Beijing, China Sales Marketing, RD
Headquarters Washington DC Sales
MarketingSupport, Services
SingaporeSales Marketing
4
Epigraph

• "Any problem in computer science can be solved
  with another layer of indirection. But that
  usually will create another problem"
• David Wheeler
• Computer Scientist

5
Agenda

• History and Problems of Commodity Architectures
• Virtualisation defined and its benefits
• Virtualisation for Production Workloads and more
• Hardware partitioning
• Virtual Machine Monitors
• More on VMM - what is Hypervisor
  Paravirtualisation Intel VT and AMD SVM
• OS Virtualisation
• Distributed Virtualisation
• Application Virtualisation and more
• Why Tools, Automation and Resource Management
• Virtualisation effect on IT
• Does it benefit desktops?
• How it changes IT industry and its revenues?
• Could Virtualisation enable outsourcing?
• Summary and Short QA

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Problems of Commodity Architecture
Operating Systems History and Today
1000s of Specialised Servers
Inefficient IT Infrastructure
superuser
user
user
user
user
user
App 3
App 1
App 4
App 2
OS

• High cost
• Hard to automate
• Low flexibility
• Low Service Levels

• Per Applications or User Group
• Separately provisioned
• Separately managed
• Poorly utilised lt10

• Single Task Single User
• Multi-Task Single User
• Multi-Task, Multi-User
• One-to-one Environment-to-box

Gartner estimate Intel servers running at 10 to
15 percent utilisation are common.
November 2004 Predicts 2004 Server
Virtualisation Evolves Rapidly
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Virtualisation Braking One-to-One Relationship

• Virtualization is a framework or methodology of
  dividing the resources of a computer into
  multiple execution environments...
• http//www.kernelthread.com/publications/virtualiz
  ation/

8
Virtualisation Simply Better IT Management Model

• Cut Cost
• On Management, Hardware, Infrastructure, Power
  and Software
• Get More out of the Existing Infrastructure
  Assets
• Hardware, Power Capacity, DC Floor Space,
  Routers, SAN, IT Staff, etc
• Improve Flexibility of IT Infrastructure
• Dynamic resource allocation to meet application
  or business unit needs
• Abstract from hardware and other fixed assets,
  easy capacity planning
• Improve Availability at Lower Cost
• Reduce or eliminate downtime for upgrades and
  updates
• Faster Backup/Recovery in case of Hardware and
  Software Failures
• Much easier configuration of clustering or HA
  deployments
• Enable Much Easier Automation and Management
• Reduce Time, Simplify and Improve Reliability of
  Provisioning, Patch Management, Configuration
  Changes, Backup, Security, Audit and Compliance
• Enable Self-Management, Delegation, Usage
  Accounting and Chargeback's

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Current Partitioning and Virtualisation

• Hardware Partitioning
• Virtualisation of Hardware
• Virtual Machine Monitors (VMM)
• Hypervisor architecture how it improves VMM
• ParaVirtualisation - what is it on top of
  Hypervisor
• Hardware ParaVirtualisation
• Virtualisation of Operating System
• Distributed Virtualisation
• Application Virtualisation
• Other types of Virtualisation, relevant and not

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Hardware Partitioning

• Defined
• Accomplished on the hardware and chipset level
• Control monitor software (BIOS is controlling
  partitioning)
• Enables multiple different OSs to run natively
• Examples
• Various IBM machines, Sun, HP, Unisys and more
• Advantages
• Very Strong (too?) isolation , native
  performance/scalability
• Disadvantages
• Expensive by nature special chipsets, high-end
  hardware
• Relatively static, many OSs to manage
• In many cases effectively looks somehow like rack
  of blade servers

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Virtual Machine Monitors
Exec. Env. 1
Exec. Env. 2
Exec. Env. 3

• Defined
• Virtualises access to hardware, creates
  standard virtual hardware
• There is Host OS and each guest has full
  standard OS
• VMM does switching, virtualises hardware
• and solves virtualisation problems
• Examples
• VMware Server, Microsoft Virtual Server,
  Parallels
• Advantages
• Good isolation, different OS on the same box,
• Broad OS support, good resemblance of separate
  computer
• Disadvantages
• Low manageability effectively almost as many
  servers/OS
• Performance, especially I/O overhead, double
  caching
• Scalability overhead, limited SMP, data
  locality/coherency optimisations void
• Lots of duplication on disk and in memory gt low
  density
• Can engineering perform miracles?

Guest OS
Guest OS
Guest OS
Virtual Machine Monitor
Proprietary or Standard OS
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More on VMM Hypervisor New OS

• Defined
• Quicker and more optimised than the simple VMM
• No switching in VMM as the Hypervisor runs at
  higher privilege level
• Hypervisor becomes a proprietary OS to manage
  virtual servers
• Examples
• VMware ESX, XEN and Parallels
• Advantages
• Better performance, higher efficiency through
  thin, more security and isolation
• Disadvantages
• Proprietary main OS to depend on hardware2
  support, security
• As performance gets optimised thin becomes
  thick
• I/O overhead is still significant,
  caching/locality/coherency issues still exist

Exec. Env. 1
Main OS
Exec. Env. 2
Exec. Env. 3
Guest OS
Guest OS
Guest OS
Virtual Machine Monitor
ModifiedDrivers
Hypervisor
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ParaVirtualisation (demystified)

• Defined
• Recompiles the guess OS to optoimise for Virtual
  infrastructure
• Takes out x86 unsafe instructions
• ParaVirtualisation (UML, XEN) simply replaces
  them in the guest kernel source and -gt
  ParaVirtualisation simply rewrites device drivers
  and more in Guest and main OS
• Second I/O and memory still not ready to be
  virtualised
• VMware, MSFT, Parallels solve this through smart
  and complex binary compatible ways VMware Tools
  Drivers for main and host OS
• Advantages
• Better performance, better efficiency, nicer
  looking architecture
• No need to solve virtualisation problems in VMM
  anymore
• Disadvantages
• Recompiled Guest OS potentially behaves
  differently with applications, especially
  performance-wise and must be separately optimised
  and certified
• Does not really solve density, manageability,
  management or scalability problems
• Standards war on paravirtalisation API proposals

Exec. Env. 1
Exec. Env. 2
Exec. Env. 3
Main OS
Modified Guest OS
Modified Guest OS
Modified Guest OS
Virtual Machine Monitor
Para ModifiedDrivers
Hypervisor
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Hardware Paravirtualisaiton

• Defined
• Hardware that is virtual aware
• First no unsafe instructions
• No more of a problem
• Note Still could not be used directly,
  optimised implementations are needed
• Second I/O and memory are now virtualiseable
• F.e. DMA tables could be partitioned
• With device vendors support virtualised
  devices could be created to be dedicated to
  individual VMs with little overhead
• Examples
• Intel VT and AMD SVM
• Advantages
• Much easier to develop more even thinner,
  scalable and better performing VMM (only virtual
  hardware), as well as hardware protected
  light-weight Hypervisor so newcomers like
  Parallels are on the market no virtualisation
  problems to solve
• XEN can now run Windows
• Disadvantage
• Disables live migration ?
• Does not eliminate the need for Virtualisation
  (VMM) or Hypervisor software
• Does not solve all of hardware virtualisation
  problems, only helps I/O
• Still double-cache problems exist etc

Exec. Env. 1
Main OS
Exec. Env. 2
Exec. Env. 3
Standrd Guest OS
Standard Guest OS
Standard Guest OS
Virtual Machine Monitor
Hypervisor
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OS Virtualisation

• Defined
• Virtualises access to the Operating System
• Single, standard OS kernel (drivers and low
  level OS services) are running on each computer
• Each Environment sees its own virtual OS
  instance/objects and
• behaves as separate computer
• Examples
• SWsoft Virtuozzo, Sun Solaris Containers/Zones
• Advantages
• Excellent Manageability, no OS/APP sprawl
• Faster management operations
• Highest density, full native scalability and
  performance
• Lightweight enough for number of unique scenarios
• Disadvantages
• Same low level kernel services
• No Windows on Linux or Linux on Windows (but
  multiple distributions are possible)
• Engineering has performed miracles!?

Exec.Env. 1
Exec.Env. 2
Exec.Env. 3
Exec.Env. 4
Exec.Env. 5
Operating System Virtualisation
Host OS
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What Benefits does OS have

• Performance
• Most Efficient Form of Virtualisation
• management of the OS
• Intelligent Partitioning
• Intensive Applications like Oracle, Citrix, SQL
• Native IO performance
• Density
• Light container technology
• Small Footprint
• Performance
• Management tools to mass-manage your entire
  infrastructure
• Agility and DR
• Create and manage servers/applications in seconds
• Provide resources and take them away on the fly.
• Move around applications and servers with no
  interruption to get best possible utilisation
• Backup and clone environments, have them running
  in seconds even after lights-out

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Distributed Virtualisation

• Defined
• Abstracting resources group of computers and
  creating something resembling single image
  execution environment across of them
• Examples
• Initial positioning of Virtual Iron, variety of
  grid computing vendors
• Now several vendors like 3tera which try to
  combine two approaches for better manageability
  and flexibility, as well as combine them with
  clustering
• Advantages
• Enables single environment to scale more then
  resources of any single server
• Could improve availability and balance resources
  more equally
• Disadvantages
• Most of applications need to be specially
  changed/designed and some could not be
• Significantly more complex programming model when
  rewrite is needed
• Difficult and unusual to administer
• Typically require expensive low-latency
  connectivity hardware (Infiniband)
• Connectivity is improving slower then single box
  CPU power - with multi-core CPU SMP boxes would
  distributed virtualisation be broadly needed?

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Application Virtualisation and More

• Defined
• Virtualises single application environment
• Examples
• Softricity (Microsoft), Citrix, Altiris
• Advantages/Benefits
• Enables you to run several versions or instances
  of the same application on the same hardware
• Enables you to run application anywhere without
  installing or configuring it install
  applications on USER, not on the computer
• Not really the same category as above
• Other Virtualisation
• Storage and Network Virtualisation
• Java, .NET, other and distributed arch. (Google
  does not need Virtualisation!)
• Numerous hardware and API/ABI emulators and
  simulators
• Denali, Disco, ExoKernel, Nemesis, Inferno
  research projects (cool names)

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Back to Indirection,?

• What are the issues
• No physical interfaces in Virtual World
• Lots of things in physical infrastructure are
  taken for granted
• Virtualisation creates a too flexible
  infrastructure?
• Management tools are mandatory
• How are they Solved?
• Lots of underutilised servers
• And Operating Systems, and Applications, and
  Users
• Key word - lots
• Virtualisation increases utilisation and enables
  automation
• Automation and Integration is needed!
• Resource Management is now possible
• Hardware is virtualised and uniform
• Still Service Level Management needs to be done
  somehow
• Barrier, share, maximum, guarantee, burstable,
  affinity, plan, Configure, Enforce, Control,
  Monitor, Account, Report, Balance, complex
  policies, live migration, fairness, dynamic,
  real-time

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How Virtualisation Benefit Desktops?

• Enable easy desktop management
• Server based desktops accessible from any device
  (home, work, mobile)
• Dramatically easier recovery/restore procedures,
  enable true remote management, instantaneous
  provisioning
• Improve/unify update management
• Share single desktop more safely
• Enhance security
• Isolate (hardware protect) dangerous applications
  or uses
• Access a different SKU
• Run Windows application on Mac, Linux on Windows
  more choice for the user, less OS to support
  for the application vendors
• In order to become truly useful must be very easy
  and must not require any sacrifice
• 3d games and many other applications require 100
  () performance
• Management should not be harder with its
  implementation

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Virtualisation Effect on the IT Industry

• How does it affect vendor revenues
• Would this mean less or more infrastructure
  needed?
• Would this mean less or more hardware needed?
• Would this mean less or more software licenses
  needed?
• Would this mean less or more IT people needed?
• Example software licensing
• Was per physical unit (CPU, socket, user, device)
• Now per virtual environment/unit is attempted
  is it wrong???
• Complex migration, dynamic resource
  reallocations, non-started licenses
• OS Virtualisation single OS is installed,
  registered, on disk, started and running just
  more isolation why pay more?
• New licensing is needed, licensing should not
  hold up the usage
• Virtualisation makes IT more useful
• Should mean that IT budgets are be increased, not
  decreased
• Example 10,000 servers can create 2-5x more
  VE/VMs

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Could Virtualisation Enable True Outsourcing?

• Virtualisation side effects
• Enables oversell
• Make hardware uniform and reusable
• Enables fine-grain delegation
• Enables full remote management
• Decreases costs of achieving measurable
  high-security
• Server consolidation projects create in-house
  service providers
• Single consolidated datacenter
• Departments/business units are customers
• Usage accounting, chargeback's required
• With high speed secure external networks
• Would this mean outsourced Utility Computing
• Of course lots of tools and core features to add

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Summary

• Hyped-up space
• Filter the virtualisation noise
• There are many different and complimentary types
  and products
• Some are not real today and for all there is lots
  of work to do
• Virtualisation is real and will be everywhere
• ButlerGroup predict Virtualisation will increase
  from 7 of i386 servers to 70
• Every new idea is a forgotten old idea
• Just natural evolution related to increased IT
  usage and computer power
• Much more then just consolidation and cost
  savings (even embedded/mobile)
• At the end it makes IT more efficient and enables
  outsourcing
• Could and would dramatically change IT
  competitive landscape
• Will Virtualisation be part of the Operating
  Systems and Hardware?
• Certainly not all of it and most certainly not
  for 5-10 years
• The presentation is just my opinion ?

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• Thank you Any questions?
• Rob Lovell
• rob_at_swsoft.com