??????? IS 204420

1
??????? IS 204420 ??????????????????????????? ???
????? 4 ???????????????? ????????????
2
1. ????????????????
1.1 ??????????????????????? 1.2
???????????????????????????????????? 1.3
????????????????????????????????? 1.4
????????????????? 1.5 ???????????????????? 1.6
????????????????????????????
3
1.1 ???????????????????????

• ?????????????????????????? ????????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ???????????????????? ISD ???????????????????????
• ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????????
• ???????

4
1.2 ????????????????????????????????????
(Achievement Tests)
1.2.1 Criterion - referenced Tests - CRTs 1.2.2
Norm - referenced Tests - NRTs
5
Criterion - referenced Tests - CRTs

• Criterion - referenced test ??????????? Content
  -
• referenced test ???? Objective - referenced
  test
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????
• ????????????????? CRT ??????????????????????????
  ????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????

6
Criterion - referenced Tests - CRTs ???

• ??????????????? CRT ????????????????????????????
  ???
• ??????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????
• ???????????????
• CRT ????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????? CRT
  ??????????????
• ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????
  ?????????
• ???????????? ?????????????????????

7
Norm - referenced Tests - NRTs

• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????
• ???????????????????????????? ??????????????
• ??????????????????? NRT ????????????????????????
  ??????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????
• ??????? NRT ????????????????????????????????????
  ???
• ???????????????????????????????????????????

8
1.3 ?????????????????????????????????
1.3.1 ???????????????????????? (Pre -
assessments) 1.3.2 ????????????????????????
(Embedded Items) 1.3.3 ????????????????????
???? (Post - assessments)
9
1.4 ?????????????????
1.4.1 ??????????????? (Cognitive
Tests) 1.4.2 ??????????????????
(Performance Tests)
10
??????????????? (Cognitive Tests)

• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??
• ?????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????
  multiple
• choice, true - false, fill - in, matching,
  short
• answer, essay

11
?????????????????? (Performance Tests)

• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????
• ???????????? ?
• ?????? Performance ??????????? Procedures
• (Process) Products ??? Portfolios
• ??? OUTPUT ?? INPUT/ACTION/OUTPUT Diagram
• ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????
  ????
• ?????????
• ??? OUTPUT ????????? ?????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????

12
1.5 ????????????????????
1.5.1 ??????????????? (Validity) 1.5.2
????????????????? (Reliability)
13
??????????????????????????????????????????

• ????????????? (Validity) ????????????????????????
  ?????
• ???????????? ??????????? ??????????????????????
  ?
• (Content Validity) ???????????????????????????
• ??????????
• ??????????????? (Reliability) ???????????????????
  ???
• ????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?
  ?????
• ???????????????????????????? 2 ????????? ????
• ????????? (Validity) ??????????????????
  (Reliability)

14
?????????????????????????????????????????? ???

• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?
• ???????????????????????????? ?
• ??????????????????????? ? ??????????????????????
  ??????
• ??????????????????????? ???????????????????????
  ???
• ????????????????????????????????????????? 2 ???

15
1.6 ????????????????????????????
1.6.1 Task / Objective / Criterion Charts 1.6.2
Table of Specification 1.6.3 Error Matrices
16
1.6.1 ???????? Task / Objective / Criterion Chart

• Task ???????????????????? Task Inventory
• Objective ??????????????????????????????????????
  ?????
• ????? TPO/EO
• Criterion ??????????????????????????????????????
  ?????
• ???????????????? Objective
• ???????? Task / Objective / Criterion Chart
  ?????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????

17
???????? Task / Objective / Criterion Chart
Task Objective Criterion
(TPO/EO) - ??????????????? ???????????????
4 ????????????????? ?????????????? 4
???????????????????? ??? ?????? ????
?????? ??????? ????????????????????????????
??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????
???? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???
?????? ?????????????????? ??????????
?????????? ??????????????
18
1.6.2 ???????? Table of Specifications

• ?????????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????? Task / Objective /
• Criterion Chart

19
???????? Table of Specifications
??????? ?????????? ???????
??? ???????? ???????
1. ??????????????? 2 - 2
Multiple Choice 2. ??????????????? - 2
2 Checklist 3. ?????????????? -
1 1 Checklist 4. ????????? -
1 1 Multiple Choice 5.
??????????????? - 1 1
Multiple Choice 6. ??????????? - 1
1 Checklist 7. ?????????? - 1
1 Checklist ??? 2 7
9
20
????????????????
?????? ?????????????????????????????????????
1. ??????
??????????????????????? ?. ???????????? ?.
???????? ?. ????? ?. ??????
21
?????? ?????????????????????????????????????????
????? ?????????? 1-14 ?????????????????????????
?? .......... ??????????????????? ..........
?????? .......... ?????????????????? .......
... ?????? .......... ?????????
..........???????? ..........
??????????????????????? ..........????????????
???? .......... ?????????????
..........????????????????
.......... ????????????????????????
..........?????????????? ..........
????????????????????????????
..........????????????????
22
?????? ????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????
.......... ??????????? ..........
??????????? .......... ??????????? ..........
??????????? .......... ??????????
23
???????? Checklist
??????? ?????
?? ?????
1. ?????????????????????????? ? 2.
?????????????????? 3. ???????????????????????????
??????????? 4. ?????????????????????
???????????????????? 5. ????????????????????????
24
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????
????????????????? ?????
???????? ???????????
OBJECTIVE True False C
Efficient for items with only two
logical responses Completion C
Natural for brief Responses
Multiple-Choice C Use when
answer is long, reduces effect of
guessing, so can have fewer items
Matching C Efficient but not for
higher level learning tasks
25
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????? ???
????????????????? ?????
???????? ???????????
ESSAY Essay C Score
systematically Extended Report
C Clarify required components ACTIVITY Lab
Reports C Type of learning used for
depends on content and structure
Exercises C, P Separate use for testing
from use for instruction Projects
C, P, A Good for interactive domain
learning
26
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????? ???
????????????????? ?????
???????? ???????????
OBSERVATION Checklists P,
A Excellent for procedural knowledge and
practice Rating Scales P, A Self or
observational, degrees of subjectivity
Anecdotes A Subjective (self-report)
Interviews A Revealing, can have degree
of objectivity
27
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????? ???
????????????????? ?????
???????? ???????????
APPLICATION Problem Solving C, A For
higher level of learning Product C, P,
A Especially for interactive domain
learning
C Cognitive (??????????) A Affective
(????????) P Psychomotor (?????????)
28
1.6.3 ???????? Error Matrices

• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  
• ???????????????????? ???????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????

29
???????? An Error Matrix
????????????/?????? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 ???????????
6 ??????? 1 ????? 1 ??????
1 ????? 4 ????? 1 ???
2 2 1 6 1 1 1 0 0 14
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
30
2. ????????????
2.1 Skeleton Design 2.2 Storyboarding
31
????????????

• Skeleton Design
• ???????????????????????????????? ?
• Storyboarding
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????? ?

32
Skeleton Design ??????????????????????????????
?????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????
Skeleton Design ??????

???? Intro
- ??????????????????????????????????????????
- ????????????????????????????????? -
??????????????????????? ?
????????

33
Skeleton Design
(???)
???????????? ??????????
- ?????????????????????????????

?????????????????????? 1


- ?????????????????????? 1

34
Skeleton Design
(???)
????? 1 ?????????????????
- ??????????????? 1 ??????

???????? ?????????????? 1
- ????????????????????????? 1
????? 2 ???????????????????

- ??????????????? 2
35
???????? Storyboard
??????????? Task Sub task Sub - sub Task
????????????????????
???????
?????????????????
????????? ??????
36
????????????????????????????????????? ??????
???????????????????????????????????????????? ?????
?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????
Task ?????????????????????????????????????????
???????????? Sub Task ???????????????????????
?????????? Sub-sub Task ??????????????????????
?????????
??????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????? 2 ??????????? ??? 1.1.1
???????????????????????????????? 1.1.2
?????????????
Expert Printing ???????? ???????
????
????????????????? Font Ms san serif Size
X-small
????????? ????????? ????????
?????? 4 ?????????? 2550
37
Analysis
Need Analysis
Learner Characteristics - Learner Profile
Chart
Task Analysis - Cluster Analysis - Task
Inventory - Flowchart - Task Knowledge
Design - INPUT/ACTION OUTPUT Diagram -
Instructional Goal/Observable and Measurable
Learning Outcomes - TPO/EO in ABCD format - Test
Design
Development - Skeleton Design - Storyboarding
Implementation Evaluation