1
?10?????????? 10.1 ??????????
10.2 ?????????? 10.3 ?????
10.4 ????
10.5 ???????? 10.6 ???????????????
10.7 ??????????? ????
2
10.1 ??????????

• 10.1.1 ????????
• 10.1.2 ??????????
• 10.1.3 ??????????

3
10.1.1 ????????
??????????????????????,??????????????,???????????
??,???????????????? ?????????????????,????????E,
???????????,???????????????,???????????????
?10-1 ?????????????????????????
4
10.1.1 ????????
?????,??????????,?????????????,???????????????,??
???????????????????????????Id????????????,?????
(10-1)
??,
,??RB?????????,RM?????,
???????????????? ???????????
?????????,??????????,??????????,?????????,???????
,??????,?????????,???????????,???????????
5
10.1.1 ????????
????????????? ??????????????????
????????????
?????1V??,????????,???????????
(10-2)
??? ,??????????
(10-3)
???????????????
(10-4)
?????????????????????????
?10-2 ??????????????????????
(10-5)
6
10.1.1 ????????
????????????? ?????????????????,??????????,??
???????????,??????,???????????????????
????????????? ????60?????,?Id0,??
,??????? ?
,????,????????????? ,??
,??Id???,?? ????????
?????????, ?,??????????????
? ??,????????
???
?10-3 ?????????????
7
10.1.1 ????????
???????,????????????,??????????????????????????,?
????????????????,????????????????????? ??????????,
?????????(?????)????????????,???????,?????????????
??????,???????,????????????????,?????L????????,???
????Id?????????,???????????,?????????????????????

?10-4 ???????????????????? ?1lt?2lt?3lt60?,
?5gt?4gt60?
8
10.1.1 ????????
??????????????????????????
(10-6)
(10-7)
(10-8)
??, ,
,L???????
9
10.1.1 ????????
?????????????,??????????,???????,??????,??????,???
?????????????? ???????????,????????Idmin?,????
????????????(???mH)?
(10-9)
??????????????????????,?
(10-10)
L??????????????????????????,???
????,?????Idmin???????????510?
?????????????????????????,???????????????????????

10
10.1.2 ??????????
????????????? ?????????
?????? , EM??,?
(10-11)
?? ,?????? ????????
(10-12)
??????????????????????????????????????,???
?,???????????????
?10-5 ?????????????
11
10.1.2 ??????????
????????????? ?????????????????????
(10-13)
(10-14)
(10-15)
??????????????????????,????????????????
12
10.1.2 ??????????
??10-5???????????????????????????,??????????????,
??????,??????? ??????????????????,??????????(??/6
?5/6),??????????????1?????,?????4???2?????????
,???????????????????3???? ??1??4????????3??2??????
???????????,???????????????,??????????????
????????1(?3)?????,???2(?4)??????,???????????????
????????????????????
?10-5 ?????????????
13
10.1.3 ??????????
?????????? ????? ??10-6a??????,?10-6b
??????,?????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????
???????????? ??1??,??,????????,??????????,
?1lt?/2,EMltUd? (?????????,??1?????,??2?????)?

?10-6 ?????????????
14
10.1.3 ??????????
??2??,??,????????,??????????,?2lt?/2(?2gt?/2),EMgtUd?
(?????????)? ??3??,??,????????,??????????,?2lt?/2,
EMltUd?? ??4??,??,????????,??????????,
?1lt?/2(?1gt?/2) , EMgtUd? ?
?
?10-6 ?????????????
15
10.1.3 ??????????
?????????,????????????,????????? ??????????
v?1?????2????,???2??????????,??????2??(??????
1??)???????,??????????,??????????2??????????????
v??2???????,??????????/2(n0),??????,??lt?/
2,2????????????,??????????3????????
??????????,??????3????4????????1????
?10-6 (c)
16
10.1.3 ??????????

• ?????????????,????????????????????,????????(?????
  ?)???????????????????????
• ?????????????????,??????,?????????????????,??
  ????????????,???????????????,?????,?????????????
  ?????,???????,??????????????????,?????????LC?????
• ???????????????????????????,?????????????????
  ????(?????),?????????????????????????????????,???
  ??????????

17
10.2 ??????????

• 10.2.1 ??????
• 10.2.2 ?????????????

18
10.2 ????????????
??????????? ??????????? ????????
???????????? ??????????? ????????????????
??????????,????? ????
????,????? ?????????????,????????????????,???????
???,????????????????,??????????????,??????????????
?????
19
10.2.1 ??????
??????(Variable Voltage Variable
Frequency,??VVVF?? )??AC/DC?DC/AC?????????????,???
????????,???????????????????????? ?????????
?????????????????,????????????????
??10-7??????????????????????
???????????????,?????????????????????,????????????
??,???????????????? ????????????????,?????
?????????,???????????,??????????,??????,??????????
???????
?10-7 ??????????????????
20
10.2.1 ??????
????????????????? ??10-8??????????????V0?????R
0???????????,????????????,?V0??,????????????R0?,??
?????????????????????????? ??10-9?????????????
?,???????????,???????????????????,??????????,????
?,???????????????? ??10-10?????????????PWM????
???????,????PWM??,??????????????,???????,?????????
???,????????????PWM????????????,?????,??????
?10-8 ??????????????????????
?10-9 ?????????????????????????
?10-10 ???????PWM??????????????
21
10.2.1 ??????
??10-11???????????????????????,???????,???????????
????,???????,??????????????,????????????? ??10-12?
??????????????,???????????,??????????GTO,?????????
?C????GTO?????????????,????????PWM??????????
?????????????????PWM??,???????????,??????????????
???????????,??????????PWM????????????,?????????1?

?10-11 ??????????????????
?10-12 ??????PWM????
?10-13 ???????PWM??????????????
22
10.2.2 ?????????????
???????????????? ???????
??????????????????????,????(??)???????????,???????
?????????????????????,????????????,???????????????
???,????????,???????,????????????
??10-14???????,????????????????f???,?????
???,????????V1????,?f????V1?????????V/f??,????????
???????,??????????????????????????????,??????????
????????
?10-14 ?????????????????
23
10.2.2 ?????????????

• ???????
• ???????????,?????????????
• ??????????????,??????????,???????
• ??????s???,??,???s????????,????????
• ?????,??????1 ?r ?s ,??1??????r?????,?
• ?????????,????????????????
• ???????????????,??????????????
• ?????
• ?????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????,????
• ??????????????????,?????????????,?
• ???????????????,??????????????????
• ????????????????,?????????
• ???????
• ?????????????????????,?????????,?
• ????????,???????,?????????????,??
• ??????????

24
10.3 ?????
?????(Uninterruptible Power Supply
UPS)????????(??????)????????,?????????,????????,??
??????????? ????,UPS?????????????????,???????????
???UPS?????(CVCF)??????????,??????????????????????
?????
UPS????? ??10-15???UPS????????
????????,??????,?????,??????????,??????????,??????
?,?????????????????,???????????,?????????????????
??,??????????(?????????????????????)?,????????????
???????,????????????,????????????
?10-15 UPS???????
25
10.3 ?????
??????????????????????,???UPS?????????????,??10-16
??,?????????CVCF???????S????????,????????CVCF????
???,?????????????,???????????? ?????????????????,?
??????????????,???????,????????????,????????(????)
??????,??10-17??,?????????????????,????????
?10-16 ???????UPS??
?10-17 ?????????????UPS
26
10.3 ?????
UPS?????? ??????UPS???
???????????????????(??PFC),???????????????
??????????IGBT???PWM??,???????????
???GTO????UPS??? ????????PWM??,????????????
??? ????GTO?????,??????????
???????????????11?,????????????
?10-18 ???UPS???
?10-19 ???UPS???
27
10.4 ????

• 10.4.1 ???????
• 10.4.2 ?????????
• 10.4.3 ???????

28
10.4 ??????
????????,??????????,???????5V?3.3V?2.5V?,??????1
2V?15V?,???????????????????,??????????????????,??
??????????? ????????? ??10-20???????,????????
?,?????????,??????????????? ??10-21???????,????
????????????????,?????????????????
??????????????????????????,?????????????,?????????
???????
?10-20 ???????????
?10-21 ???????????
29
10.4.1 ???????
?10-22 ???????????
????????? ??????????????????????????
???????????????????,??????????,???????????????????
?(Power Factor Correction - PFC)???
?????-???-????????????????,?????????????????????
???????????????????? ????????????????????????
???????????,?????????????????,??????1?????????,???
????1???????????,???????????,????1???????,????????
?????
?10-23 ?????????
30
10.4.1 ???????
????????? ??????-?????(DC-DC
Converter),??????????,????????????????????,???????
Buck?Boost?Buck-Boost???? ???????(POL-Point
Of the Load regulator) ????1??????(???????
???????)?????-?????? ????????CPU??????????
????POL? ???????-?????????POL?????????,??????,
??????Buck (Sync Buck)??,???????Buck,???????MOSFET
,??????????????????????,????????????
?10-24 a)??????
?10-24 b)??????
31
10.4.1 ???????
??????? ??????????????????????,???????,?????,
???????????,?????????????? ???10-25,????????-?
??????,???????????,????????????????,?????????DC-DC
???,?48V???????????????????????????????????? ?
??????????????????,???????????????,?????????????
???????,????????????,?????????,???????
?10-25 ??????
32
10.4.2 ?????????
?????????????10-26 ??,??????,???????e??????vc?
?????? ??10-26 ??????????,??????????????
?????????,???????????????????????? ??????
??????????????????,????????????????????,?????????,
?????????????,????????????,??????????
?10-26 ?????????
?10-27 ???????????
33
10.4.2 ?????????
a)
b)
?10-28 ???????????
????????? v?????????????????????10-28a??,?????
??10-28b??? v?????????????CLK????,CLK?????????
??RS?????,??????????iL??,?iL???????iR?,?????????,
???RS???,??????
34
10.4.2 ?????????
v???????????????????????,???????????,??????????
M1?M2??????,?????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????,???????????????????????,????
???????,?????????????? ?????????
v??????????PI??????????,???????????uc??????uS???,?
????????????PWM??,???????????
a)
b)
?10-29 ???????????
35
10.4.3 ???????

• ?????????????????,?????,????????????????,????DVD?
  ?????,??????????????????????,????????????W??W???
  ????????????????,??????W?????????????????????????
  ,?????,???kW??kW????????????,?????????????,?????
  ???????????????
• ????????????????????,????????????,????????kW?X?
  ??????????????,????????????????????

36
10.5 ????????

• 10.5.1 ?????????????
• 10.5.2 ??????????

37
10.5 ??????????

• ???????????????????????????????????,????????????
  ???
• ??????PFC (Power Factor Correction)??????????????
  ?,???????????????,??????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????,??????
  ???????,?????????,???????
• ??????????????????????????????????????,????????
  ????????

38
10.5.1 ?????????????
?10-30 ???????PFC?????????
??????????????? ?????????????????????????
??? ????? ????????ud?????PI???,??????
id,id?????????????????????i,?????????????????,???
??????????,??????????????,????????????????????????
?,??????????????????
39
10.5.1 ?????????????
?10-30 ???????PFC?????????
?????????,?????????????,??L?????????S?????S??,iL?
?,S??,iL??,????S??????????????,????????,?????iL???
?????,??????????????,????????,???????1?
40
10.5.1 ?????????????
??????????????? ?????????????????????,LALC??
????????????????????????????????,????????????????
?? ????? ?S???,??????????????(?????),S
???,????????D7??????,????????
??????????,???????????????????,?????????????S????
?iA????,iA?????????????????,??iA???????????,??????
????????????
?10-31 ?????PFC??
?10-32 ?????PFC???????
41
10.5.1 ?????????????

• ??????????????????,?????????
• ??????????,??????????,???S??
• ????????,???????????,??????
• ?????????,???????
• ?????????????,????????,?????????????????,?????
  36kW?????????

?10-32 ?????PFC???????
?10-31 ?????PFC??
42
10.5.1 ?????????????

• ?????????PFC????????
• ?????????,????????,???????????,????????????
• ??????????????,???????????,???????????????????
  ???
• ??????????,?????????????,??????????????,??????
  ????????????
• ??????????????,??????????????,???DC-DC????????
  ????,?????????????
• ????????????????,??1???????????????,??????,??????
  ??????????????????????,?????,???????????????????

43
10.5.2 ??????????

• ??PFC????????????????????????DC-DC??????????????,
  ???????????
• ????????
• ????????,?????????????
• ???????????????????,????????
• ???????????????????????????,???????,??????????
  ????

44
10.5.2 ??????????
?10-33 ???boost???PFC AC/DC???
??PFC??? ?????????,????????,???????????????
?????????,????????????????????? ?????
?????????????????????,?????,???????????????L1??,??
C1????????????? ??????,?????L1???C1??,????
????????????? ?????????????????,??????????
????,C1????????????????,???????????????????100Hz?
??C1???????
45
10.5.2 ??????????

• ??PFC?????
• ???PFC???????????????,????????????????????????
  ????????,???????
• ???PFC???????????,??,??PFC?????????????,????PF
  C????????????????????????,???????,??PFC????????
• ???PFC????????????????????,???????????????Boos
  t?????

46
10.6 ???????????????

• 10.6.1 ??????
• 10.6.2 ??????
• 10.6.3 ????????
• 10.6.4 ????????????????
• ????

47
10.6.1 ??????
??????(High Voltage DC TransmissionHVDC)???????
???????????????,20??50????,???????????????????????
???????,????????????????? ??????? ???
?????????,????(?????)??????????????,??????????????
????? ??????????????????
?10-34 ??????????????????
48
10.6.1 ??????
??????????????????????,???????????????? ?????
??10-34?????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????,????????,?????
???,???????????????? ???????,????????,????????
??????????,????????????,?????????????????????????
??????(?????),???????????
?10-34 ??????????????????
49
10.6.1 ??????

• ?????????
• ???????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ????????????????,?????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????,?????
• ??????????
• ???????????????????
• ??????????
• ?????????????????????????????????,????????
  ?????????????????

50
10.6.2 ??????

• ??????,??????????????,??????????,????????,??????,
  ???????
• ????????
• ????????????????????????????,????????TSC??????
  ?????????
• ??10-35?TSC??????,????TSC?????????????????????
  ?????????,??????????????C?????????????,???????,???
  ??????????????????????????,??????????????????????
  ????????,??????????,?????????????????????,TSC?????
  ????????????????

?10-35 TSC????? a) ???????? b) ????????
51
10.6.2 ??????
?TSC????????????? ????????????????????????,???
??????????,??????????? ?????,?????,???????????
???????,????????????,???????iC??,????????????,???
???????????,?????????? ???10-36,?????uC???????
?????????VT1???????us????,t1????VT2,???????????VT1
?VT2?????????,??t2??iC????,VT2??,
uC???VT2?????????????,??????????????
?10-36 TSC??????????
52
10.6.2 ??????
?10-37 ?????????????TSC
??????????????TSC ????????????????uC??????????
?? ?????????,?????????,????????,??????????????
????
53
10.6.2 ??????
????????(TCR ) ???????????????????????,?10-38
???TCR?????,????????????????????????????
?????????,??????????????,?????????????????,???????
?,???????????????????????
??????????,???????????,??? ??????90180?
?10-38 ????????(TCR)??
54
10.6.2 ??????
?10-39 TCR??????????????? a) ?120 b)
?135 c) ?160
??10-39???????120?135?160?TCR??????????????????
55
10.6.2 ??????
??????? ????????SVG?????????????????????????
???????? ?SVG????????????????????????
???????????SVG??10-40a,?????????,?????????????????
? ???????????SVG??10-40b,?????????,???????
???????????????????????
?10-40 SVG???????? a)????????? b)?????????
56
10.6.2 ??????
?SVG(?????????)????? ?????????????????SVG?????
??????? ?SVG?????????????????????????????????,
?????????????? ???????SVG???????????? ?
??,?? ???????? ???,?????????????,????SVG?????
????????,?????SVG?????????????
?10-41 SVG????????? a) ??????
b) ?????
57
10.6.2 ??????

• ????SVC???
• ?????TCR????SVC,??????????????????????????????
  ??????,????????????,??SVG????????SVC??
• ?SVG???????,?????????PWM??????????????????????
  
• ?SVG?????????????SVC????????????,?????????????
  ??
• ?SVG?????????????????????????
• ?SVG??????????????SVC??,??SVG?????????????????
  ,???????SVC????????????

58
10.6.2 ??????

• ?SVG???????
• ?SVG???????????????????????,?????PWM?????????
  
• ?SVG??????????????????????GTO??,????????IGBT?I
  GCT,??IGBT????????
• ?SVG?????????????????????,???????????,????????
  ????

59
10.6.3 ????????

• ???????????,????????,???????????????????????????
  ?,???????,??????????,?????????????????,???????????
  ?
• LC?????
• ???????????????
• ??????,??????,??????,?????????????????????????
  
• ???????(Active Power FilterAPF)
• ???????????????????60???,1976?????????????????
  ???????,???80????,??????????????,PWM???????,??????
  ????????????????????,???????????????

60
10.6.3 ????????
????????????? ???10-42??,??????????????
iL?????? iLh,?????????iLh??????????????
iC,??????????iS??????? iLf? ??LC???????,??????????
????????????,??????????????????? ?????????????????
??????,??????????????????????????,???????????????
???? ????APF?????????????,??????????,??????,??
???????
?10-42 ???????????????????
???
?10-43 ????????????
61
10.6.4 ????????????????????

• ????????????????????????????????,????????????????
  ?,????????????????(voltage sag)?????(flicker)?????
  ??????????,??????????????????????
• ?????????SVC?SVG,APF,????????????????(Dynamic
  Voltage RestorerDVR),???????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????(Universal Power Quality
  ControllerUPQC)??
• ???????????????,??????????????????????????,??????
  ????????(Flexible AC Transmission SystemFACTS)?
• ?????????????SVC ?SVG ???????????(Thyristor
  Switched Series CapacitorTSSC)???????????(Thyris
  tor Controlled Series CapacitorTCSC)??????????(S
  tatic Synchronous Series CompensatorSSSC)???????
  ?,?????????(Unified Power Flow ControllerUPFC)??
  

62
10.6.4 ????????????????????

• ???????????????,?????????????????????,???????????
  ?,????????????????(Custom Power)?
• ?????????????SVC?SVG?APF????????DVR???????????
  ,????????????????????(Solid State Transfer
  SwitchSSTS)??
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????,
  ????????????????????????????????

63
10.7 ???????????

• 10.7.1 ?????
• 10.7.2 ????

64
10.7.1 ?????
????????????????????????????,???????????,????????
????????,????,?????????????????????????????????
???????? ?????????????????
????????????,????????(RFI)?????,RFI???????????????
,???????????????????????,??????????????????,??????
????????????????? ????????????????????,???????
???(PFC)???????,??????????????,????????
?10-44 ?????????
65
10.7.1 ?????
?DC/AC???????????????????,???????????,???????2070
kHz,??????????????????????? ??????????????????LC?
?????,??????LC????????,???????????????????,??????,
???????????,?????????????,???????????????? ???????
????????,????????,?????????DC/AC??????????,???????
?????????????????????????,?????????????,?????????
?????????,?????????????,?????????,?????????
?10-44 ?????????
66
10.7.1 ?????

• ??????????
• ???????? ????????
• ??????,????????(????)????????,?????????????
• ????????,?????????,?????????????
• ????????????,?????????????

67
10.7.2 ????

• ?????????????????????????,???????????????????????
  ????
• ?????????????????????????????????????,???????
  ???????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??,?????????????????,????????????

?10-45 ??????????
68
10.7.2 ????
?????????????? ???????????????(RFI)?????????
???,??DC/AC???????????,??????????????????????????
?????????????????????????,????????k??kHz,???
??????????,????????????????,??????????????????????
???
?10-45 ??????????
69
10.7.2 ????
?10-46 ????????????
?????????????????????????????,?10-46??????????
?????????????????????????,???????????????????????
?? ???????????????,??????????????,?????????????,?
???????????????,????????????
70
????

• ?????????????,????????????????????,??????????,???
  ?????????,????,??????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????,????????????,???????????????????,????????
  ???