Key Terms

1
Key Terms Between the Wars

• Armenian Massacre
• 19th Amendment
• Benito Mussolini
• Fascism
• The Great Depression
• Margin
• Franklin D. Roosevelt
• New Deal

2
Failure of the League of Nations

• The creation of the League of Nations was
  intended to become a forum for major nations to
  settle disputes through a neutral third party.
• Consequences for continued aggression or
  ignorance of a law would lead to trade blockades
  to force actions.
• Considering many countries did not enforce these
  consequences, the League of Nations failed in its
  goal.
• The League also indirectly promoted imperialism
  by allowing mandates to exist which in essence
  allowed larger nations to control other smaller
  ones under the intent of helping them develop
  their own governments.

3
The Armenian Massacre (1915 - 1917)

• Armenians were Christians who resided in the
  northeastern region of the Ottoman Empire (near
  the Caucasus Mountains).
• They were allowed to live peacefully until the
  Young Turks movement led to their persecution as
  potential dissidents.
• They would be massacred by the sultans between
  1894-1897.
• With the advent of World War I, the Armenians
  were viewed as subversives and massacred from
  1915-1917.
• In 1915, 2 million Armenians lived in Turkey, by
  1990, only 60,000 remained

4
The State of Turkey

• Ataturk would rule Turkey as a dictator in 1923
  creating a one party system and refusing
  government representation for many groups.
• His biggest contribution was the removal of
  Sharia law (Islamic law) by doing this, he
  effectively separated church and state,
  westernizing Turkey.
• He would encourage industrialization to create
  jobs.
• His only opposition would come from the Islamic
  Party.

5
Women's Suffrage in Britain and the United States

• Britain
• Progress occurred under Emmeline Pankhurst and
  her suffragettes.
• Would petition for rights through civil
  disobedience.
• Contributions during World War I led to suffrage
  being granted in 1918.

• United States
• Women believed that with the passage of the 15th
  Amendment, they would gain suffrage.
• Women like Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady
  Stanton would argue for more rights and would
  gain some rights but not suffrage.
• Their involvement in World War I also gave them
  the push necessary to acquire suffrage.
• In 1920, the 19th Amendment would be passed
  granting women's suffrage.

6
Background to Fascism

• The Italians felt that they were unfairly left
  out of the Treaty of Versailles and were entitled
  to receive more territory in exchange for their
  loss of troops in World War I.
• World War I would usher in a difficult period for
  the Italians of economic depression and
  unemployment.
• Benito Mussolini would make a name for himself as
  the leader of the Fascist Party and gain support
  for having actual plans on how to deal with the
  issues brought on by the war.

7
Mussolini and Fascist Italy

• Fascism ? ideology that sought to strengthen the
  state through nationalism and militarism by
  uniting government and economic entities to
  provide an alternative to capitalism and
  socialism.
• Mussolini would gain supporters in unemployed
  soldiers and would slowly kill off opposition.
• An armed march into Rome in 1922 led to Mussolini
  being named prime minister.

8
The Italian Dictatorship

• Upon becoming prime minister, Mussolini outlawed
  all political parties among other massive
  changes
• Secret police ran rampant in Italy
• Government regulated economic activities
• Newspapers and radio stations were heavily
  censored.
• Schools became 'soldier factories'.
• Civil rights were suspended in many areas.

9
The Great Depression in the U.S.

• The economic growth brought on by World War I
  masked many of the issues with the U.S. economy.
• Agriculture
• Farmers overproduced goods and were getting very
  low prices on their goods.
• Many began to default on mortgages and loans
  leading to bank failure
• Credit
• People bought more goods on credit and then
  failed to make payments
• Stocks
• Many stocks were bought on margin (borrowed money
  from brokers).
• When stocks failed many people attempted to sell
  their stocks which led to a panic then a massive
  crash in October 1929.
• With this stock market crash, the Great
  Depression (worldwide poor economic activity)
  began.

10
The Depression
11
Repercussions

• U.S. overseas investors began to call in their
  debts from other countries forcing those people
  to call in debts from underdeveloped countries.
• Manufacturers tried to sell their now
  overproduced and under-consumed goods to no avail
  leading to a production stall.
• Unemployment became rampant
• 17 of British citizens were unemployed in 1932.
• 25 of American citizens were unemployed in 1933.
• Germany would be leveled by the depression and
  hyperinflation led to worthless currency and mass
  unemployment creating a setting for revolution.

12
Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Alphabet Soup

• Franklin D. Roosevelt ? president who introduced
  the New Deal which would halt the progression of
  the depression.
• Started massive public works projects to
  stimulate the economy, removed the government
  from the gold standard, introduced social
  security, re-instilled confidence in banks
  through programs.

13
Solutions Elsewhere

• Britain
• Stood pat and believed that balancing the budget
  would help.
• The balanced budget and subsistence welfare
  helped get the country back on track by 1932.

• France
• Numerous political groups would grow out from the
  issues caused by the depression.
• The Popular Front Party (composed of communists,
  socialists, and radicals) would attempt to pass
  its own version of the New Deal which failed.