DECLINE TRAVERSE CSA MINE

1
DECLINE TRAVERSECSA MINE COBAR NSW

• DMR COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENT
• WALL STATION METHOD OVERVIEW
• 16km EXISTING DECLINES
• 1.4km VERTICAL DEPTH
• COMPLIANCE with SP1 CLASS D
• WALL STATION TRAVERSE PROCEDURE
• RECORD, PROCESS and NETWORK ADJUST
• COMPARE DECLINE TRAVERSE PROCEDURE WITH BASIC
  WALL STATION METHOD

2
CMPL CSA Mine Cobar NSW
3
CSA SURVEY COMPLIANCE

• MANAGERS OF THE CSA MINE, COBAR MANAGEMENT Pty
  Ltd, ARE COMMITTED TO COMPLIANCE WITH SURVEY AND
  DRAFTING DIRECTIONS FOR MINING SURVEYORS
• VARIOUS STAFF AND CONSULTANTS HAVE CONTRIBUTED
  WITH EXTENSIVE DIGITISING OF ARCHIVED PLANS AND
  CREATION OF ELECTRONIC FILES OF VERTICAL
  OPENINGS, SERVICES AND STOPES
• GLENN WILLIAMS COMMENCED ON THE PROJECT IN
  JANUARY 2004
• SURVEY CONTROL WAS (AND IS) OF HIGHER PRIORITY
  THAN DRAFTING
• REVIEW OF SURVEY CONTROL SHOWED THAT CHECK AND
  GYRO SURVEYS HAD BEEN CONDUCTED, BUT WITH NO
  SUBSEQUENT ERROR ANALYSIS OR NETWORK ADJUSTMENT.
  
• GLENN ASSESED POSSIBLY LINKING ORIGINAL AND CHECK
  SURVEYS WITH ADDITIONAL CONVENTIONAL TRAVERSING
  AND REPROCESSING WITH COMPNET SOFTWARE.
• THE OVERWHELMING NEGATIVES WERE
• EXCESSIVE MANUAL TYPING
• LACK OF CLOSURES
• NO RECORD OF STANDARDS SUCH AS TEMPERATURE OR
  PRESSURE CORRECTIONS, OR INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION
  CHECKS
• KEY STATIONS SHOTCRETED, INACCESSABLE OR MISSING
• DIFFICULT TO QUANTIFY ADDITIONAL FIELD WORK
  REQUIRED
• NO GUARANTEE THAT FINAL ALALGAMATION OF OLD AND
  NEW TRAVERSES WOULD PASS.

4
DMR COMPLIANCE - CSA DECLINE TRAVERSE PROJECT

• MAIN DECLINE 14km x 1.4km DEEP
• ½ ALL SURVEY LINES 30m LONG
• PRACTICALITIES OF RETRAVERSING ON BACK (ROOF for
  coal miners) STATIONS DISRUPTIVE MINING ACTIVITY
• TO IDENTIFY, REPAIR OR INSTALL BACK STATIONS
  WOULD ADD CONSIDERABLE TIME TO THE PROJECT
• AFTER 4 YEARS OF WALL STATIONS AT A MINE IN WA, I
  WAS CONFIDANT THAT WALL STATIONS WERE AS ACCURATE
  AS BACK STATIONS, PROVIDED THE RETRAVERSE ROUTINE
  (RATHER THAN JUST THE WALL STATION METHOD) WAS
  ADHERED TO.

CSA DECLINE SHAFTS NO WORKINGS SHOWN
5
WALL STATION METHOD OVERVIEW

• HISTORY
• BRENDON McCORMACK DEVELOPED THE WALL PRISM STEM
  AND RESECTION SYSTEM BETWEEN MID 1999 and MARCH
  2000
• HE WAS CHIEF SURVEYOR AT WMCs KAMBALDA (WA)
  NICKEL OPERATIONS
• SAFETY INITIATIVE TO AVOID WORKING AT HEIGHT

6
WALL STATION METHOD

• HISTORY BRENDONS TOOLS
• LEICA TCRA 1103 A MOTORISED ELECTRONIC TOTAL
  STATION WITH AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION
• PROGRAMMING SKILLS WITH LEICA ONBOARD SOFTWARE
• SURPAC MINING SOFTWARE
• SKILLS WITH SURPAC MACROS

7
WALL STATION METHOD

• WALL STATION CONCEPT
• Instrument position and orientation derived
  using observed distances and angle to two known
  points. New point (C) is then located.

WA School of Mines
8
WALL STATION METHOD
B McCormack
9
WALL STATION METHOD
PRISMS USED IN WALL STATIONS
PRISM DESIGNED TO ROTATE ABOUT A SINGLE
POINT BRENDON McCORMACK
10
WALL STATION METHOD

• SYSTEM IS DEPENDENT UPON ACCURATE DISTANCES
• LEICA ROUND PRISM IS ESSENTIAL TO THE SYSTEM
• 34.4mm PRISM CONSTANT GIVES SAME MEASURE POINT
  REGARDLESS OF HOW ACCURATELY THE PRISM IS AIMED
• LEICA ROUND IS THE ONLY PRISM WITH THIS FEATURE
• STAINLESS STEEL STEM IS SIMPLE, DIRECT AND CHEAP
• OTHER STEM/SLEEVE ARRANGEMENTS HAVE BEEN LOCALLY
  IMPLEMENTED BY SOME COMPANIES

11
WALL STATION METHOD

• THE CALCULATED INSTRUMENT POSITION
• COORDINATE GEOMETRY PROGRAMS WITH LEAST SQUARES
  and/or BOWDITCH ADJUSTMENT EXIST ON MOST
  ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS
• ENOUGH OBSERVATIONS AND KNOWN DATA FOR 4 POSSIBLE
  TRIANGLE SOLUTIONS
• WITH STATION DATA UPLOADED, SURVEYOR HAS ABSOLUTE
  PROOF OF POSITION BEFORE WORK COMMENCES
• NO SOLUTION IF INCORRECT DETAILS APPLIED e.g.
  WRONG STN NAME OR COORDINATE VALUE
• SYSTEM IS HIGHLY AUTOMATED FOR MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY
  IN THE PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT

12
DECLINE TRAVERSE PROCEDURE

• TO START, RESECT FROM OR OCCUPY A PROVEN CONTROL
  LINE
• RUN A CLOSED LOOP OF FORCE CENTRED TEMPORARY
  POINTS (TPs) WITH RECIPROCAL HEIGHTS AND
  DISTANCES
• READ TO WALL STATIONS FROM EACH TP
• EACH WALL STATION IS READ FROM AT LEAST 2, BUT
  USUALLY 3 TPs
• THE LOOP OF TPs CLOSES OFF BY RESECTING TO OR
  OCCUPYING A SECOND PROVEN CONTROL LINE.
• EACH LOOP CAN BE NO MORE THAN WHAT CAN BE
  ACHIEVED IN A SINGLE SESSION OF FIELDWORK. A TP
  IS A TRIPOD/TRIBRACH IN AN ACTIVE DECLINE. IT
  SIMPLY CANNOT BE LEFT UNTIL YOUR NEXT SHIFT.

13
DECLINE TRAVERSE PROCEDURE
CSA62 is a surface control stn above the portal.
The solid orange line is part of a closed surface
control network. The darker green line is the
outward leg of the loop of TPs. The lighter green
line is the return end of the loop. Because of
its vertical nature, the plan view is not clear.
To CSA58
To CSA61
To CSA61
14
DECLINE TRAVERSE PROCEDURE
Solid lines are observed both ways between
TPs. Dotted lines are observed one way only,
usually to a wall station and occasionally to a
previous back station. Wall station 10100-08 has
3 one way observations.
15
DECLINE TRAVERSE PROCEDURE
STNS 9800-60, 9800-61, 9800-62 9800-63 ARE
BASELINE CONTROL STATIONS. LOOP STARTS BY
RESECTING FROM THE TOP 2 TO ESTABLISH TP 61G.
FROM 61G THE TRAVERSE CONTINUES OUT THROUGH 62G,
63B, 64.79 WITH 79 BEING THE OUTERMOST STATION.
THE REVERSE LEG CONTINUES BACK FROM 79 TROUGH
78A, 77A.64A, 63C. AT 63C A CLOSING RESECTION
IS READ TO STNS 9800-63 AND 9800-62.
16
DECLINE TRAVERSE PROCEDURE
ORANGE LINE DOWN, YELLOW LINE BACK. DOTTED LINES
ARE SINGLE DIRECTION SHOTS TO WALL STATIONS.
17
DECLINE TRAVERSE RECORDING

• LEICA SETS OF ANGLES WAS INSTALLED TO
  ELECTRONICALLY RECORD ALL TRAVERSE OBSERVATIONS
• ELECTRONICALLY RECORDED TRAVERSE FILES CAN BE
  EMAILED ANYWHERE FOR INDEPENDENT CALCULATION,
  AUDIT OR ASSESSMENT.
• SETS OF ANGLES LEARNS THE LOCATION OF ALL
  POINTINGS FOR THE SETUP ON THE FIRST FACE LEFT
  ROUND. PROVIDED YOU REMEMBER TO TELL IT TO NOT
  STOP, THE INSTRUMENT RUNS THROUGH THE NOMINATED
  NUMBER OF SETS BY ITSELF.
• OBSERVATIONS OUTSIDE THE NOMINATED TOLERANCE
  CAUSE THE PROGRAM TO HALT FOR OPERATOR INPUT.
  THIS MOST COMMONLY OCCURRED ON VERY SHORT
  DISTANCES.
• THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF POINTINGS TO ANY TARGET IS
  4. IF LARGER THAN USUAL SPREADS OCCURRED,
  ADDITIONAL ROUNDS WERE READ.

18
DECLINE TRAVERSE RECORDINGAUTOMATIC TARGET
RECOGNITION

• AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION (ATR) WAS ACTIVE FOR
  ALL PRISM POINTINGS. (IT WAS DISABLED FOR
  REFLECTORLESS POINTING TO EXISTING BACK STATIONS.
  WHEN MORE THAN ONE PRISM WAS IN THE MEASURING
  FIELD, WE HAD TO COVER ONE. THE INSTRUMENT WOULD
  ACTUALLY ALERT US TO THE MULTIPLE PRISM
  SITUATION)
• USING THE ONBOARD LASER WITH ATR MEANT THAT
  SIGHTING THROUGH THE TELESCOPE WAS MOSTLY
  UNNECESSARY. SIMPLY POINT THE LASER CLOSE TO THE
  TARGET AND PRESS ALL.
• TOLERANCES BETWEEN OBSERVATIONS CAN BE CHECKED
  AND IF DESIRED, RECORDED TO THE GSI FILE.
• THERE WERE SOME ISSUES WITH LEARNING TO USE THIS
  PROGRAM. THEY WERE ALL RESOLVED BY NOT USING
  SURPAC CODING.

19
DECLINE TRAVERSE PROCESSING

• COMPNET WAS USED TO DOWNLOAD AND PROCESS TRAVERSE
  FILES
• COMPNET SUCKS IN SETS OF ANGLES OR ANY GSI
  FILE, PROCESSES AND 3D ADJUSTS.
• COMPNET REPORTS SPECIFICALLY ADDRESS THE
  STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS UNDER SP1.
• SOME LEARNING REQUIRED FOR PROFICIENCY WITH
  COMPNET.
• MOST ISSUES ORIGINATE WITH INCORRECTLY NAMED
  STATIONS WHEN OBSERVING. OTHERS WITH POOR
  EDITING OF FALSE STARTS.
• THE PROGRAM ASSISTS WITH IDENTIFYING SUCH ERRORS.
• SUPPORT (EMAIL AND TELEPHONE) WITH THIS SOFTWARE
  IS EXCEPTIONAL. FRANK SMITH, COMPNETS CREATOR,
  DOES EVERYTHING POSSIBLE TO RESOLVE ANY QUERIES
  OR ISSUES PROMPTLY.

20
COMPLIANCE WITH SP1 CLASS D

• WE DID NOT PASS CLASS D AS DEFINED IN MAY 2004
• OUR LARGEST MAJOR ELIPSE WAS 0.064m. THE
  ALLOWABLE RELATIVE ELIPSE 0.046m.
• WHAT TO DO? ADVICE FROM BOSSI WAS TO ENGAGE A
  CONSULTANT TO AUDIT OUR TRAVERSE AND RECOMMEND
  REMEDIAL ACTIONS.
• BOSSI (PHILIP ORR) NOMINATED FRANK SMITH AS AN
  APPROPRIATE CONSULTANT TO ADVISE US (CSA CMPL).
• WE HIRED HIM. VIA THE COMPNET LEARNING EXERCISE,
  FRANK ALREADY HAD A LARGE PART OF THE NETWORK TO
  BE ASSESSED. HOWEVER, ALL FILES WERE FORMALLY
  SENT TO HIM.
• FRANKS CALCULATIONS INCLUDED A SIMULATION OF THE
  WALL STATION TRAVERSE WHERE THE WALL STATIONS
  WERE CALCULATED AS CONVENTIONAL OCCUPIED STATIONS
  WITH CORRESPONDING SETUP AND OBSERVATION
  TOLERANCES.
• ERROR ELIPSES OF THE OCCUPIED STATION
  SIMULATION WERE MARGINALLY LARGER THAN WALL
  STATION ADJUSTMENT.
• 2824 OBSERVATIONS, 2 POINTS FIXED, 874 FLOATING
  POINTS AND 2 GYRO DIRECTIONS (HUTCHISON CO)
• IN SHORT, FRANKS REPORT GAVE OUR WALL STATION
  TRAVERSE A BIG TICK WITH A RECOMMENDATION THAT
  CLASS D BE RE-DEFINED TO AN ACHIEVABLE STANDARD.
  

21
BASIC WALL STATION METHOD COMPARED TO
(RE)TRAVERSE PROCEDURE

• MERGE4 is a merge of 3 closed loops of the
  retraverse routine. Traverse 2200m down the
  main decline and 240m vertical. Biggest major
  elipse 45mm.
• RTRV19 is a second link between the start and end
  of MERGE4. This link ran up an alternative
  decline installing and measuring wall stations as
  in PRODUCTION MINE SURVEYING (Referred to earlier
  in this document as the Wall Station Method).
• That is to resect from 2 wall stations and
  observe to a new station. Move up, resect again
  using the new station and observe to the next new
  stn. And so on.
• There are 2 common stations at the top and 2
  common stations at the bottom.
• COORDINATE CHECK Fix the lower and compare at
  the top.
• MERGE4 9400-141 E .8325 N .1501 RL
  .1183
• RTRV19 .8852
  .1665 .1279
• DIFFERENCE .0527 .0164 .0096
• Absolute error ellipse at 9400-141 0.2842 Major
  0.0564 Minor.
• COORDINATE CHECK Fix the top and compare at the
  bottom.
• MERGE4 9200-168 E 7.5118 N 0.2410 RL
  0.4672
• RTRV19 E 7.4756 N 0.2312 RL 0.462
• DIFFERENCE -.0362 -.0098 -.0046
• Absolute error ellipse is a monster. 0.5206maj.
  0.0551min.
• COORDINATE CLOSE IS OK FOR MUCH LESS WORK.
• Largest absolute error ellipse for any station on
  merge4 is 0.0448 at 153a.
• Merge4 has 14 relative ellipses that failed Class
  D by up to 2.4mm.