TOOTH dens, dentis odus, odonotos

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TOOTHdens, dentisodus, odonotos
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Teeth (Dentes)

• arcus dentalis superior (maxillaris) ellipse
• arcus dentalis inferior (mandibularis) parabola
• permanent teeth (dentes permanentes) 32
• deciduous teeth (dentes decidui) 20
• dens incisivus ( incisor tooth) 8/8
• dens caninus ( canine tooth) 4/4
• dens premolaris ( premolar tooth) 8/0
• dens molaris ( molar tooth) 12/8

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Teeth parts

• crown (corona)
• neck (cervix)
• root (radix)
• pulp (pulpa)

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Surfaces and directions

• occlusalis
• vestibularis (buccalis/labialis)
• lingualis (lower teeth)
• palatinalis (upper teeth)
• mesialis
• distalis

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Teeth fixation

• gomphosis (socket) dentoalveolar joint
• located in bony alveolus dentalis of jaw
• periodontium
• parodontium all structures around tooth

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Peridontium

• between tooth and dental alveolus (fixed to the
  bone of alveolus)
• collagen fibers (serve as alveolar periosteum)
• fixation apparatus of tooth fibers of various
  directions
• penetrates into cement
• rapid change of connective tissue, plasticity
  orthodontics
• atrophy in lack of proteins and vitamin C ?
  scurvy ( skorbut)

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Periodontium
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Scurvy (scorbut)
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Macroscopy of tooth and its fixation
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Denture as a whole

• mordex denture
• orthodental position teeth vertically
• occlusion (occlusio)
• 80 psalidodontia (scissors-like occlusion)
  norm
• progenia lower jaw longer (lower teeth in front
  of upper ones)
• stegodontia roof-like occlusion
• prognathia upper jaw longer (upper teeth in
  front of lower ones)
• opisthodontia lower teeth too far behind upper
  ones
• hiatodontia ( mordex apertus)

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Dental chart / scheme

• crossed with letters
• tooth number designed with lower INDEX
• lowercase decicuous
• UPPERCASE PERMANENT
• crossed with numbers
• Roman numerals decicuous
• Arabic numerals PERMANENT

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Dental chart / scheme of deciduous teeth
Dental chart / scheme of permanent teeth
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Dental chart / scheme

• binumeral (Féderation Dentaire Internationale)
• 1-4 quadrants (from right side above clock-wise)
  PERMANENT
• 5-8 (similar) deciduous
• numeral (American Dental Association)
• numerals 1-32 (from right upper third mollar
  clock-wise) PERMANENT
• letters A-T (similar from right upper second
  molar) deciduous

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Teeth structure

• dentine dentinum (substantia eburnea)
• enamel enamelum (substantia adamantina)
• cement cementum (substantia ossea)
• pulp pulpa
• loose connective tissue, vessels, nerves

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Enamel

• hardest tissue of body
• organic part
• secreted by ameloblasts (enameloblastus)
• glycoproteins (amelogenins, enamelins)
• anorganic part 95
• hydroxyapatite
• arranged vertically in prisms (rods)
• in between interprismatic substance

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Fluoridation

• fluorine is sired under the enamel surface,
  posteruptivelly from saliva and tooth-paste
• re-covers defects
• fluorapatite is more resistant to acids (Ph 4,5)
  and is produced more quickly than hydroxyapatite
  (pH 5,5)
• the more fluorapatite is in enamel, the more
  resistant to dental caries (tooth decay)
• supplement tooth-paste, salt, at dentist

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Dentine

• calcified connective tissue
• organic part
• collagen I, proteoglycans
• secreted by odontoblasts (dentinoblastus)
• located on internal surface of dentine
• Tomes fibers (fibrae dentinales)
• anorganic part
• hydroxyapatite
• non-calcified dentine
• predentine
• close to enamel and cement

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Pulp

• loose connective tissue
• fibroblasts
• immune cells soustavy
• vessels
• nerve fibers (senstitive to pain)

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Cement

• thin layer at neck thick layer at root
• fibrilar type of bone
• cellular part cementocytes

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Gum (Gingiva)

• mucosa attached to periosteum
• stratified nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium
• papilla gingivalis
• no glands
• no submucosa
• gingivodental junction

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Gum (Gingiva)

• linea mucogingivalis
• gingiva alveolaris (pars affixa gingivae)
• pink, stippled, keratizing
• free gingival groove
• gingiva marginalis (pars libera gingivae)
• shiny, red, nonkeratinizing
• sulcus gingivalis
• junctio dentogingivalis
• epithelium junctionale

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Teeth development (Odontogenesis)

• oral ectoderm
• mesoderm
• cells of neural crest

ectomesenchyme

• enamel is derived from ectoderm
• other tissues are derived from ectomesenchyme

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Teeth development

• Week 6 lamina dentalis (dental lamina) appears
• thickening of stomodeum epithelium
• in each lamina 10 proliferation centers
• dental buds

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Stages of tooth development

• dental bud (status gemmalis)
• local thickening of epithelium, 10 in each jaw
• dental cap (status galearis)
• ectodermal part ? enamel organ (organum
  enameleum)
• invagination of mesenchyme ? dental papilla

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Stages of tooth development

• dental cap ? dental bell (status campanalis)
• outer dental epithelium
• enamel reticulum
• inner dental epithelium
• dental papilla ? dental pulp
• dental sac ? cement, periodontal ligaments

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Stages of tooth development bell

• odontoblasts (dentinoblasti)
• derived from mesenchyme cells at inner enamel
  organ
• produce (pre)dentine
• Tomes fibers (fibrae dentinales)
• cytoplasmatic processes left within dentine

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Stages of tooth development bell

• ameloblasts (enameloblasti)
• from inner enamel epithelium
• basal surface becomes secretory
• production of enamel

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Stages of tooth development bell

• epithelial root sheath (vagina epithelialis
  radicis)
• Hertwig sheath
• transition between outer and inner enamel
  epithelium
• ingrowth into mesenchyme and induction of root
  formation

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Tooth eruption

• decidual teeth 6th 24th month
• enamel organ disrupted during tooth eruption

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Permanent teeth

• develop similarily to decidual teeth
• secondary dental lamina
• located at lingual side of dental lamina
• prolonged distally (molars)
• eruption from 6th year
• (finished in 30th 40th year)

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Clinical note

• tetracycline antibiotics
• are contraindicated in children up to 8 years of
  age, pregnant and nursing women
• high affinity to newly produced enamel
• brown-yellow color
• enamel hypoplasia

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