Viruses ?????????

1
Viruses ?????????
2

• ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????
  ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ????
  ??? ???????? ????? ????????
• ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? Verum ???????
  ?? ???????
• ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????

3
?????? ??????? ?????????
4
?????? ????????? Biological characteristics of
viruses

1. ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????
   ?? 300 ??????? (1 ??????? 10-9) ??? ?? ????
   ?????? ??? ???????????? ??????????
2. ?????? ??????? ??? 20-300 ???????
3. ?????? ?????? ??????? obligatory cellular
   parasites ?? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ??? ????
   ??????? ?????
4. ?????? ?? ??????
5. ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????
6. ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??
   ??????? ???????? ??????

5
?????? ???????? ??????

1. ?????? ??? ??????? Crystallization ???? ??????
   ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???
2. ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????????
   ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????????
3. ????? ????? ???? ??????

6
Virus structure

• ????????? ?? ?????? ???????????????
• ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????
• ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???
  ????????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? Lipids and
  carbohydrates ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??
  ??????? ??????????
• ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ???
• Naked viruses (Nucleic acid proteins)
• Enveloped viruses (Nucleic acid proteins
  envelope)
• ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????????
  ?????????

7
Chemical composition of viruses
????? ?????? Nucleic acid

• ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? RNA or DNA
• ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????
  RNA
• ????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??? DNA or
  RNA
• ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???Nucleotides
  
• ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? Pentose sugar
  (deoxyribose DNA- ribose RNA) ??????? ??????
  ?????? ?????????? Nitrogen bases

8
?????? ????????? Capsid

• ????? ?? ????? ????????
• Protein subunits or capsoids or capsomeres
  ????? ????? ????
• ??????
• ????? ????? ??????
• ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???
  ???????
• ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????
  ??????

9
Virus clasification
10

• ???? ??????? ???? ??
• 1 - ???? ?? ???? ?????? Envelope
• Naked enveloped viruses
• 2 - ??? ???Nucleic acid
• (DNA RNA)
• 3 - ??? ?????? Shape of capsid
• (Spherical Rod shape Cupoid Spermatoid)
• 4 - ??? ??????
• Bacteriophages phytophages - zoophages

11
(No Transcript)
12
Types of viruses
13
???? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????

• Plant viruses
• ??????? ???? ??????
• ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????
• ?????? ??? ??? ????
• ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????
• ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????
• ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????
• ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????
  ??????
• ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????

14
????????? ?????????

1. ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????
2. ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????
   ????????? ???????
3. ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????
4. ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????????
   ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????
   ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???????

15
????????? ???????? Bacteriophages

• ???? ???????? ????? ??? ???????
• ???? ??????? ???????? bacteriophages
• ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? DNA
  ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?
  ???? ????? ??? RNA ???? ???????
• ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??
  ????? ??????? ??????
• ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????????
  ??? ???? ?? ????????
• ???? ??????? ???
• Virulent phage(??????? ?????? ????? Lytic
  phages)- Temprate phages
• ???? Coliphages ???????? ??? ?????? ???????
  Escherichia coli

16

• ????? ??
• Hexagonal head (DNA Capsid)
• Tail(??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????
  ???? ????????? Capsid )
• Hexagonal base plat (????? ????? ??????? ???????
  ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? Tail
  fibers ??????? ????? ???? Tail pins ) ????? ???
  ?????? ????? ??????? ????????

17
????? ????? (?????) ?????????

• 1 ???????? (Attachment) ??? ??? ???? ??? ????
  ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????.
• 2 ??? ?????? ???????? Penetration (DNA
  injection) ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????
  ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????
  ?????????? (Lysozme).
• 3 ???????? (Integration) ????? ?????? ??????
  ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???. ???? ??
  ???? ????????? ??????? (Temperate phages) ???
  ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? (DNA) ??????? ??
  ?????????
• ? ??? ?? ????? (DNA) ??????? ?? (DNA) ?????????
  ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??
  ?????? ??????? (Lysogenic cycle) .
• ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????????? ??????? (??????)
  ????? ??????? ?? (DNA) ?????????.
• ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? (Lyse)
  ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???
  ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ????
  ????.

18
(No Transcript)
19
Cultivation of Viruses

• ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??
  ? ?????? ?????
• ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???
  ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????

20

• ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????
• ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???
  ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ??
  ???????
• ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????
• ????? ???????Tissue culture
• ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??
  ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????
• ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????
  ??????? ??? ???? ????? 37º?
• ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????????
• ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????
  ?????? ????
• ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????
• ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????
• ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????
• ????? ??? ????? ???????
• ???? ?????? Inoculum ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????
  ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????

21

• ????? ???? ????? Embryonated eggs
• ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? 5-12 ??? ???
  ????? ??? ????
• ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????
• ???? ?????? ???????
• ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????????
• ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? 37º? ???? 6-8
  ????
• ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????
• ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????
  ?????????? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ????
  ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????
• ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ? ??????

22
??? ??????? ?????????

• ??? ????? ????? ?????
• ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????
• ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????
  ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????
  ???????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ??
  ??????? ???????
• ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???????
• ????? ???? Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
• ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????????
  ?? ?????
• ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ??????
  ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???
  50 ????

23
Human Immune Deficiency virus HIV

• ???? ??? ?????? Aids
• ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???
  ???????
• ????? ????????? Retrovirus
• ?? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????
  ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??
  ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? RNA
• ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????
  ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???
  ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???
  ????? ???????? ??????? ?????
• ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? Helper
  T-lymphocytes (???????? ?? ????? ???? ???????
  ???????? ??????)

24

• Herpes viruses
• ??????? ?????? ?????
• ????? ??? ????? ?????? DNA