Title: Great Depression
1Great Depression
- Brother can you spare a dime?
2(1)Crisis of Democracy in the West
- Problems After the war
- Jobs for Veterans
- Rebuilding
- Debt
- Socialism Nationalismradical ideas
- Peace Settlements unfair
- Lack of Strong Leaders
3(2)Treaties Drafted to Encourage International
Peace
- Locarno Treaty-settled borders btwn Germany,
France, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Poland - Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928-Renounced
War-Disarmament for U.S., Britain, Japan, France,
etc. - League of Nations-Nations cooperate
4(34)Weak Spots in the World Economy
- America-overproduction, decreased demand,
prices?for raw materialsgoods - Great Depression-affected world economy, banks
stopped loans abroad, demand for repayment of
foreign lands, ?tariffssnowball effect
5OBJ 1 - Describe the CAUSES and SPARK of the
Great Depression. How did Overproduction affect
both farmers and industry? What system collapsed
and caused millions to lose their savings?
Explain how buying on Margin created the Spark.
How did people lose money because of the spark?
- I. OBJ 1- Cause Spark of the Depression
- A. Causes of the Depression
- 1. Overproduction, too much stuff (Factories
and Farms) - a. Factory Workers begin to get layed-off
- - Workers cannot buy goods, even more
goods are overproduced - b. Farmers Cant Survive
- -low prices (cant pay loans / make a
living) - c. Supply Demand- Prices Drop
- 2. Bank Failures
- a. Banks close and loose
- b. People default on loans (Cant
pay Back) - c. Banks cannot cover their
deposits, because it was lent out to bad
creditors 5,000 banks close between
1929-1932 - d. People loose entire LIFE SAVINGS
61920s Problems
Factories making Too Much, Farms growing too much
BANKS Have NO PEOPLE LOST SAVINGS
JOBS NO ONE TO HELP!
Factories Fire Workers
(Dont need them) Farm Prices fall
(Farmers cant make )
Banks Close because they have no money Loans
have not been paid back, cant give people
their savings
Farmers Factory Workers cant pay back loans to
Banks DEFAULT!!
7Banks Close
Banks have no money to give people
People Default on Loans
People Loose savings
8OBJ 1- Cause Sparks of Depression
- B. SPARK!!! Of the Depression
- 1. Stock Market Crash, Black Thur. Oct. 29, 1929
- a. Summer 1929, Investors begin to sell stocks
- b. Supply Demand Again Massive Sell-Off and
prices begin to ______ - 2. How???
- a. Buying on Margin (Borrowing )
- - Buy stock by just paying a small
portion of what the stock is worth - ex.- 100 shares at 10 1000 only pay 300
- still owe 700
- -Problem, stock crashes and you loose
your money and cant payback stock broker - - stock broker cant pay back bank
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10OBJ 1- Cause Sparks of Depression
- QUICK REVIEW
- Causes 1. Overproduction
- 2. Bank Closings
- Spark 1. Stock Market Crash
- Results 1. Unemployment
- 2. Life Savings Lost
TOO MUCH STUFF!
BLACK TUESDAY
11(5) Countries Disagree on Policies
- British wanted to relax harsh treatments of
Versilles treaty-fearing power of USSR - France did not.
12(6) Reactions to Depression
- Coalition governments-merging of political
parties. - France, 1936-Leon Blum-Socialist Leader, Popular
Front Government,Tried to solve labor problems
and pass social legislation. - Germany-Weimar Republic-political division,
competition for power, plagued by corruption. - Britain,1926-general strike, Labour Party
Conservative Party gain support in Parliament.
13(7 12)Prosperity Depression
- U.S.A. returns to isolation-does not join League
- Limited Immigration Red Scare (Russians,
Chinese, Japanese) - Presidents during this time Wilson, Coolidge,
Hoover, FDR - New Deal 1932-Get out of Depression-govt more
involved, jobs, social security, bank insurance
14(910)Countries want Independence
- Commonwealth of Nations formed by British after
WWI, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa - Ireland-I.R.A. (Irish Republican Army), used
guerilla warfare against British - 1916 Easter Rising-revolt against British 1922
gains freedom except in Northern Ireland
15(11)France Pursues Security
- Maginot Line Wall/fortification along border
between France and Germany.
16A Culture in Conflict Section 2
- Changes in Society womenssuffrage, rejection of
tradition, prohibition, Christian fundamentalism
spreads in rural areas, Popular culture spreads. - Cultural Changes Jazz, Literature, Harlem
Renaissance, Abstract Art, Scientific
Discoveries, Architecture influenced by design
17(1-3) Science
- Marie Curie-radioactivity
- Albert Einstein-relativity
- Sigmund Freud-psychoanalysis
18(4-6) Art
- Pablo Picasso-cubism (3 dimentional)
- Georges Braque
- Dada artists revolt against civilization and
shock viewers - Henri Matisse-unlike real life
- Paul Klee-abstract
- Vasily Kandinsky-abstract
- Salvadore Dali-dream-like
19PabloPicasso
Massacre at Korea 1951
20Georges Barque
- Violin and Candlestick 1910
21Henri Matisse
- Woman with Hat 1905
- Dessert Harmony in Red 1908
22Paul Klee
23Vasily Kandinsky
- Composition VII
- Composition X
24Salvador Dali
Soft Construction with Boiled Beans
25Salvadore DaliThe persistence of memory
26Dadaism
27ArchitectureFrank Lloyd Wright
28(78) Literature
- Eric Remarque-All Quite on the Western Front
- T.S. Elliot-The Waste Land
- Ernest Hemingway-The Sun Also Rises
- F. Scott Fitzgerald-The Great Gatsby
- Virginia Woolf-To the Lighthouse, Mrs. Dalloway
- James Joyce-Finnegans Wake
- Writers experiment with the stream of
consciousness-characters inner thoughts explored
29(910)Popular Culture
- Radio-creates mass culture through sound
- Jazz music-pioneered by African Americans
combines western harmonies w/African rhythms,
symbolizes the 1920s
30(1112) Society
Louise Brooks
- 1920s women defy tradition-gt Flappers
- Women won the right to vote, access to higher
education, admittance to art and science.
Alice Joyce
31 OBJ 2- Affects of the Great Depression
Wizard
- C. Escaping the Depression
- 1. Radio- Comedies, Soap Operas
- 2. Movies- Shirley Temple, Child Actors
- a. Snow White (first full-length
animation) - b. Wizard of OZ
- Small girl escaping the Dust Bowl
- 3. Literature
- a. Steinbeck, Grapes of Wrath
- About a family of Okies escaping the Dust
Bowl and how horribly they
were treated
of
OZ
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33Benito Mussolini
34Benito Mussolini
35(A) Fascism in Italy
- Mussolinis Rise to Power-1919 organized Veterans
and angry Italians in the fascist party. - Organized Black Shirts-Violence
- King Victor Emmanuel III gives control after
March on Rome - Italy becomes dictatorship and economy is brought
under control.Cooperate State (fascist party
controlled all)
36(B) Fascism in Italy
- Men, women children make sacrifices for nation
- Youth obey military discipline and glorify
Mussolini - Mussolini IL Duce The Leader
- Machines and Women Unemployment
- Influenced Hitler and Stalin
37(C) What is Fascism?
- While both fascism and communism were by their
appeal during economic hard times and by
dictators who imposed totalitarian govts, the 2
idealologies pursued different goals and found
support among different groups. - Fascism appealed to many Italians because it
promised a strong, stable government, an end to
political feuding, and an awakening of national
pride. - 3 systems of govt competed for influence in
postwar Europe democracy (BF) Communism (USSR)
and fascism (Italy
38 What is Fascism?
- No unifying set of beliefs
- Extreme nationalism
- Discipline
- Loyalty to state
- Anti-democratic
- Centralized
- Authoritarian
- Noncommunist
- Pursued aggressive foreign expansion
39Fascism Vs. Communism
- Differences with Communism
- Similarities with Communism
- Works for nationalist rather (power for the
party) than international goals. - Dictator takes all-dont share the wealth.
- Supports a society with defined classes.
- Terror, blind devotion to state
- Totalitarian governments to control nation and
make rapid changes
40Totalitarian Government
- Single party dictatorship
- State control of economy
- Censorship
- Obedience to single ruler
- Schools and Media used to force ideals
41Adolf Hitler
42Germany after World War I
- Blamed for Versailles Treaty
- French occupation of Ruhr leads to economic
crises. - Inflation spirals out of control
- Economy improves in late 1920s
- Great Depression hits 1930s
- Tumultuous times stimulates new cultural
movements - Berlin attracts writers and artists from around
the world
- 1919 leader of Nazi Party (Nationalist Socialist
German Workers)Hitler - 1923 Hitler wrote- Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
- Hitlers ideas rooted in anti-semitism and a
superior raceLebensraum-living space Germany
for Aryans - Nazi membership ?as unemployment?
- Hitler promised to end reparations, create jobs,
rearm Germany - Elected Chancellor 1933
43Germany Under Nazi Control
- Totalitarian State Third Reich
- Rule through Terror-Storm Troopers, Gestapo.
Propaganda - Launched Public Works program-got out of
depression - Ideas spread to youth-burned books
- Single State Church
- Campaigned against Jews-Kristallnacht 11/10/38,
concentration camps
44Vocabulary
- Dawes Plan 1924 agreement in which France
withdrew its troops from the Ruhr, and American
loans helped the German economy recover. - Mein Kampf book written by Hitler while in jail
that details Nazi goals and idealology - Third Reich Hitlers name for the period in
which he ruled Germany as had past emperors such
as Charlemagne and Bismarck - Kristallnacht Night of Broken Glass in which
nazi led mobs attacked Jewish communities across
Germany. - Concentration Camp Detention centers for
civilians considered to be enemies of a state