Notes 1

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Notes 1
THE ROAD TO THE CIVIL WAR

• 1. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION
• Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable
• Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791
• South relied on cotton and slaves.
• Cotton production doubles every 10 years
• King Cotton
• 2. Southern society
• 3. Facts on Slavery
• 4. Why did the South fight a war to preserve
  slavery when ¾ of Southerners did not own
  slaves?
• American Dream

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Notes 2

• 5. SOCIAL OUTCRY AGAINST SLAVERY
• Rise of abolitionists----1830 to 1860
• William Lloyd Garrison
• Frederick Douglass
• Harriet Tubman
• Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Womens Rights Movement---1849
• Seneca Falls Declaration
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
• Arguments
• For slavery
• Against slavery
• 6. Did slaves revolt against slavery?
• Slave revolts Slave codes

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Cotton Production
C O T T O N P R O D U C T I O N
The invention which changed the South, cotton
and slavery.
1791 4,000 bales of cotton are produced 1849
2, 246, 900 bales of cotton are produced 6
cents a lb. to 14 cents in 1857 Expanded into
Arkansas and Texas Crop increase 2,500,000
bales in 1850 to 5,300,000 in 1860 Crop Value
In 1800, 8 million In 1860, 250
million Tobacco by 1860 200,000,000 lbs. to
430,000,000 lbs.
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Trial of tears
GROWTH OF SLAVERY

• Total U.S. population was 3.5 million
• 700,000 slaves in the U.S. at this time.
• Still bought slaves through the slave trade.

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Trial of tears
GROWTH OF SLAVERY

• Total U.S. population was 18 million
• 2 million slaves in the U.S. at this time.
• 1808, importation of slaves was illegal
• Slave trade within the U.S.
• Increase of slave population was from natural
  reproduction

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Map Crops in South
GROWTH OF SLAVERY
COTTON BELT, Cotton Kingdom
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Map/Cotton Belt
GROWTH OF SLAVERY
COTTON BELT, Cotton Kingdom
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Federal
SOUTHERN SOCIETY

• Southern society was similar to a Feudal system
  that existed in Europe during the Dark and Middle
  Ages..(Manorial System)
• Caste system and difficult to move up the social
  ladder.
• Based on white supremacy and the slave was
  inferior.

Plantation owners Aristocracy
Upper class
Owned some slaves. Achieve American Dream
Middle ClassSmall farmers
Owned no slaves.Hated white upper classAmerican
Dream
Poor Whites
Free Blacks, 2nd class citizens
No political or civil rights.
Slaves---no rights, considered property
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Facts on Slavery
FACTS ON SLAVERY
Conditions on a slave ship were horrible. This
was called the Middle Passage.

• At the Constitutional Convention
• 3/5s Compromise
• 1807, imported slaves was abolished in the U.S.
• Fugitive Slave Law
• 90 of Europes cotton came from the South by
  1860
• 1/2 of U.S. exports were from cotton
• More money invested in slaves than land and
  tools---2 billion

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Picture/Slavery
FACTS ON SLAVERY

• More slaves you had the greater social status
• 2/3s of presidents since independence were
  slaveowners
• Majority of Supreme Court justices were from the
  South

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Facts on slavery
FACTS ON SLAVERY
Slaves being sold at an auction was prevalent
throughout the Southern U.S. right up to the
Civil War.

• More millionaires in the South than the North
• 75 of the cotton harvest was done by plantations
  with10 or more slaves.
• Slave population grew from natural reproduction
• There was a slave trade within the U.S.

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Picture/Cotton Kingdom
FACTS ON SLAVERY

• No political or civil rights to protect slaves
• U.S. was the largest slave institution in the
  world by 1860
• U.S. produced 7/8s of worlds cotton supply
• Peculiar Institution, to own another human being
  is immoral.
• Cotton is King/King Cotton
• South was not willing to change
• Always felt isolated and threatened from the rest
  of the U.S.

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Chart Total Deaths
OF SOUTHERN WHITE FAMILIES OWNING SLAVES IN
1860

About 1,150,000 Southern white families owned no
slaves---75
About 384,000 Southern white families owned 1
slave or more---25
Total of 1,534,000 Southern white families in
1860A total population of 7,981,000.
(Number of slaves)
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Chart/slave owners
FACTS ON SLAVERY

• Statistically only 25 of Southern families owned
  slaves
• 384,000 Southern families owned 1 or more slaves.
• 75 of Southern families did not own slaves.

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Slave Revolts
SLAVE REVOLTS

• Slaves resorted to revolts in the 13 colonies and
  later in the southern U.S.
• 250 insurrections have been documented between
  1780 and 1864.
• 91 African-Americans were convicted of
  insurrection in Virginia alone.
• First revolt in what became the United States
  took place in 1526 at a Spanish settlement near
  the mouth of the Pee Dee River in South Carolina.

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Slave Revolts
SLAVE REVOLTS

• Slaves resorted to revolts in the 13 colonies and
  later in the southern U.S.
• Gabriel Prosser
• Denmark Vessey
• Nat Turner

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Slave Revolts/Turner
SLAVE REVOLTS
Nat Turner Rebellion Nat Turner, a slave owned
by Joseph Travis of Southampton, Virginia,
believed that he had been chosen by God to lead a
slave rebellion. On 21st August, 1831, Turner and
seven fellow slaves, murdered Travis and his
family. Over the next two days and nights,
Turner's band killed around 60 white people in
Virginia. Turner had hoped that this action would
cause a massive slave uprising but only 75 joined
his rebellion. Over 3,000 members of the state
militia were sent to deal with Turner's gang, and
they were soon defeated. In retaliation, more
than a hundred innocent slaves were killed.
Turner went into hiding but was captured six
weeks later. Nat Turner was executed on 11th
November, 1831.
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Slave Revolts/Turner
SLAVE REVOLTS
Arrest of Nat Turner
Tree Nat Turner was hung on
Nat Turner Rebellion
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Slave Revolts
SLAVE REVOLTS
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Slave Laws
SLAVE CODES AND LAWS

• Slave Revolts would lead plantation owners to
  develop a series of slave laws/codes which
  restricted the movement of the slaves.
• Slaves were not taught to read or write
• Restricted to the plantation
• Slaves could not congregate after dark
• Slaves could not possess any type of firearm
• A larger slave plantation than white in some
  states
• Slave owners wanted to keep their slaves ignorant
  of the outside world because learning about life
  beyond the plantation could lead to more slave
  revolts and wanting to escape.

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Arguments for Slavery
ARGUMENTS FOR SLAVERY

• Economically profitable
• Slavery was in the Bible
• Duty of Southerners to Christianize the slaves,
  Positive Good
• Provided a better life for slaves than in Africa,
  Positive Good
• 5th Amendment legalized and protected slavery
  because slaves were considered property.

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Abolitionists
ABOLITIONIST ARGUMENTS

• Abolitionists believed slavery was
  immoral..Peculiar institution or it is odd,
  strange or weird to own another human being.
• Abolitionists argued slavery was immoral because
  it violated the ideals that this country was
  founded on.
• All men are created equal (DOI)
• If the U.S. was to succeed as a democratic
  society, slavery had to be abolished

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Picture/Garrison
ABOLITIONISTS

• Through his newspaper, The Liberator, William
  Lloyd Garrison spoke out against slavery and for
  the rights of black Americans for 35 years. The
  tone of the paper was established in the first
  issue of the paper with Garrison's editorial
  entitled, "To the Public,
• On this subject, I do not wish to think, or
  speak, or write, with moderation. No! no! Tell a
  man whose house is on fire, to give a moderate
  alarm tell him to moderately rescue his wife
  from the hand of the ravisher tell the mother to
  gradually extricate her babe from the fire into
  which it has fallen -- but urge me not to use
  moderation in a cause like the present. I am in
  earnest -- I will not equivocate -- I will not
  excuse -- I will not retreat a single inch -- AND
  I WILL BE HEARD.

Garrison, a leader among American abolitionists,
delivered his views with great conviction, as
well as great foresight. "Posterity," he
concluded in the editorial, "will bear testimony
that I was right
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Picture/Douglass
ABOLITIONISTS

• Escaped slave in 1838
• Mother was a slave and father was white
• Great speaker against slavery
• Bought his freedom for 600.00
• Wrote his autobiography, Narrative of the Life of
  Frederick Douglass
• Editor of the North Star--Abolitionist paper
• Friends with Garrison
• Organized the 54th Black Regiment of Mass

Frederick Douglas
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Picture/Tubman
ABOLITIONISTS

• Harriet Tubman, Moses of her people.
• Led over 300 escaped slaves out of the South
  during the 1850s.
• 40,000 bounty was placed on her head
• Conductor of the Underground Railroad
• Supplied money from abolitionists.

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Map/Underground RR
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Map/Underground RR

• The Underground Railroad existed as early as
  1786. It was started by the Quakers and spread
  through most of the North by 1830.
• One estimate places the number of African
  Americans who escaped through the Underground
  Railroad between 1830 and 1860 at 50,000.
• Underground Railroad provided food, shelter, and
  hiding places to runaway slaves as they escaped
  to Canada
• Violated the Fugitive Slave Law

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Picture/Stowe
ABOLITIONISTS

• Harriet Beecher Stowe, Abolitionist, authored the
  book Uncle Toms Cabin
• Book was used as propaganda to show the
  inhumanity of slavery.
• Southerners were enraged by this book and called
  it lies.

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Picture/Thoreau
ABOLITIONISTS

• Abolitionist and transcendentalist
• Refused to pay a tax and spent a night in jail
  because the tax supported a war that was fought
  for slavery
• Mexican War
• Believer in Civil Disobedience or passive
  resistance---protest with non-violent actions
• Spent a night in jail over the Mexican War.

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Picture/Anthony Stanton
WOMEN'S RIGHTS

• 1830s to 1900s
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton
• Susan B. Anthony
• Womens rights reformers
• citizenship
• right to vote
• education
• Supported the abolition of slavery

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Seneca Falls Declaration
SENECA FALLS DECLARATION
The first Womans rights movement was in Seneca
Falls, New York in 1849The following is an
excerpt from the Seneca Falls Declaration written
by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Notice that the
language and wording is similar to the
Declaration of Independence. We hold these truths
to be self-evident that all men and women are
created equal that they are endowed by their
Creator with certain inalienable rights that
among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of
happiness that to secure these rights
governments are instituted, deriving their just
powers from the consent of the governed
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Important Dates

• 1848 Womens Rights convention, Seneca Falls,
  NY
• 1889 Jane Adams founds Hull House in Chicago
• 1914 -18 Women protest US entry into World War
  I
• 1919 19th Amendment passes
• 1921 Margaret Sanger founds the American Birth
  Control League

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Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B. Anthony Jane Addams Carrie Nation Margaret Sanger
Seneca Falls Convention Womens Suffrage Hull House Anti War Movement Temperance Birth Control