Chapters 9 and 10 Vocabulary

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Chapters 9 and 10 Vocabulary

• Pope Magna Carta manor
• Monk Charlemagne interdict
• Missionaries William of Normandy
• Bishopric feudal contract heresy
• Abbess scriptoria sacrament
• Feudalism Clovis Inquisition
• Vassal Justinian vernacular
• Knights wergild/ordeal
• Fief chivalry
• Estates schism
• Homage guild
• Pope Urban II Scholasticism

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SQ3R

• SURVEY skim over section headings
• (in red and/or blue)
• Create a QUESTION you think the section will
  answer.
• READ the section.
• WRITE an answer
• Review

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Questions from chapter 9.1Block 3

• 1.What are the new Germanic Kingdoms?
• What did the Visigoths obtain? Who were the
  Ostrogoths?
• 2. Who were the Franks?
• What did Clovis say to his Christian wife before
  he converted?
• 3. What was the Germanic society like?
• What were the differences between the Roman and
  German society?
• 4. Who headed the Christian church? (Bishop)
• What did the Bishop in Rome become?
• 5. What is a monk?
• What do monks do on a daily basis?
• 6. How much land did the Carolingian Empire
  cover approx.?

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Block 3 more questions

• Who was one of the Mayors of the Frankish kingdom
  who lost power to the Mayor of the palace?
• Who is Charlemagne?
• 7. What did Charlemagnes coronation symbolize?
• Who was the most powerful Christian ruler?
• 8. What is the scriptoria?
• What was the Carolingian renaissance?

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Questions Block 1 Chap. 9.1

• Who were the Visigoths?
• Where did the Ostrogoths and Visgoths live and
  did they use the Roman structure of govt.?
• What excluded Romans from holding power?
• Who established the Frankish kingdom?
• What was he?
• What changed Cloviss mind to convert to
  Christianity?
• After Clovis converted to Christianity, who was
  eager to gain his friendship and why?
• What did the Germans do to avoid bloodshed?
• How was the price for a crime decided?

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Block 1 more questions

• What role did the Church play and how was it
  organized?
• What is a monk?
• What had happened by the end of the 4th century?
  Christianity
• What was the monks mission?
• What was the scriptoria?
• What was the Carolingian empire?
• What did the administration of empire depend on?
• What title did Charlemagne in 800?
• What did Charlemagnes coronation as a Roman
  Emperor include?
• How did Charlemagne bring back learning and
  education to Rome?
• What did the Carolingian monks establish and what
  did it do for us?

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• The Decline of the Western Empire
• Eastern Empire survives
• Theories about the Fall
• Barbarians
• West easier to invade
• Plague
• Declining manpower
• Decadence lack of initiative
• Army devours the state
• The role of Christianity

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• Origins of Christianity
• An Emperor Becomes the Churchs Patron
• Constantine
• Edict of Milan tolerance
• Unity
• The Victory of Christianity
• Theodosius the Great
• State religion All others outlawed

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Social and politicalorder -

• Feudalism
• Lord
• Knight/Vassal
• Fief
• Homage
• Patron/client relationship
• Obligations of a vassal military service,
  financial aid
• Obligations of a lord protection, maintenance

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Homage a ceremony in which a vassal pledges to
protect and defend his lord like providing
military service or paying ransom. This was a
loyalty oath or vow between two people not to a
nation or religion.

• KING
• Appointed for
  protection and to handle territory
• LORDS
• Appointed to protect
  both the lord and king
• KNIGHTS
• Appointed to work the
  land
• SERFS

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Feudalism The Pyramid of Power

• ?The pyramid of power which was the Feudal system
  ran to a strict 'pecking' order - during the
  Medieval period of the Middle Ages everyone knew
  their place.
• The order of rank and precedence in the Medieval
  Feudal System was as follows
• The Pope?The King?Nobles?Knights /
  Vassals?Freemen?Merchants?Servants?Peasants /
  Serfs

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• The Medieval Feudal Contract
• ?Life in the Medieval Castle was governed by the
  pyramid-shaped Feudal System.
• This was based on the belief that the land
  belonged to God - but that the Kings, who ruled
  by Divine Right, managed the land and used it as
  they wished.
• The Kings needed the good will and support of the
  Nobles and Knights so they granted them lands in
  return for their military services.
• The Nobles and Knights would in turn grant some
  of their lands to Freemen.
• Life lived under the Medieval Feudal System
  demanded that everyone owed allegiance to the
  King and their immediate superior.

Became key part of unwritten rules known as the
feudal contract.
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KnightsTrained to be warriors.Used tournaments
to refine and show off fighting skills.A knight
cannot distinguish himself in war if he has not
trained for it in tourneys. (p.
295)ChivalryCode of ethics.Catholic Churchs
influence led to evolution of nobility and an
ideal of civilized behavior.Fight for glory and
not material reward.

• Chain mail armor, crossbows, maces, axes
• All very expensive AND heavy

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CASTLES

• Provide protection from invasions

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Time to earn your keep!!!!

• King Make that Queen!
• Lord Collect the
• Vassals- Pay your lord and get service from the
  peasants
• Peasants enjoy the protection of your lord
  for a price. Start writing
• Chapter 9 Section 3 (p. 297)
• Contracts
• Exit card lesson idea vote

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• Lord only distribute stickers when work is
  completed. All work must be checked.
• Activity on Theodora and Elanor of Aquitane (not
  Isabella)- 3 facts on each. Then
  compare/contrast these women of power.
• Section 9.3
• Section 9.4
• Hagia Sophia read and answer questions on back
• Points awarded for completed group work

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Norman Conquest

• William the Conqueror
• Common Law
• King John and the Magna Carta
• Hundred Years War France and England

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• A. The Early Byzantine Empire
• 1. Capital at Constantinople
• 2. Abandonment of the West (Rome)
• B. Justinian the Great (r. 527-565)
• of Byzantium
• 2. Reestablish of the Roman (Christian) Empire
  in Mediterranean
• 3. Codex Justinianus Body of Civil Laws basis
  for legal system for much of Europe too.
• 4. Hagia Sophia (Church of the Holy Wisdom)
• 5. Schism split between Eastern Orthodox and
  Catholic churches. Pope Leo IX and Patriarch
  Michael Cerularius excommunicated each other.
• 5. Pressure from Islamic forces Seljuk Turks
• Emperor Alexius asked Europe for help.

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HAGIA SOPHIA

• 4 large piers crowned by an enormous dome (with
  42 windows) as if suspended from heaven.
• Twice destroyed by fire and rebuilt.
• Dome destroyed by earthquake rebuilt.

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THE CRUSADES

• Pope Urban II

• All who die whether by land or by sea, or in
  battle against the pagan, shall have immediate
  remission (forgiveness) of sins.
• At the Council of Clermont in France.
• Challenged Christians to take up arms in a holy
  war (crusade) against the infidels (unbelievers)
  Muslims.

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Islam/Muslims

• Rise of Ottoman Turks
• Mohammed prophet of Allah (God)
• Quran believed to be the correct word of
  God.
• Preserved mathematical and scientific knowledge
  of the West during the Middle Ages.
• Created algebra, unique artwork and architecture

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Early Crusades

• Adventure, religious fervor, fighting, riches, a
  title, trading opportunities.
• The First Crusade Holy City (Jerusalem) taken
  but only after a bloody massacre of its
  inhabitants.
• Hard to maintain a far away kingdom
• Saladin (Muslim) took city back (3rd)
• Richard I, Phillip II (France), Emperor
  Barbarossa (Germany).
• Settlement reached.

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Fallout

• Increased trade
• Politics
• End of feudalism
• Taxes
• Persecution of Jews

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Life on a manor

• Feudalism

• Manor Estate living

• Feudal contract was mutual
• Not legally bound to each other.
• Protection worked both directions.
• Free farmers

• Peasants became serfs
• Legally bound to the land and lord, to pay rent,
  and live under the control of the lord and
  church.
• Lord had political power to run own courts and
  try their serfs for crimes committed.
• However, the lord was still responsible for
  protecting the serf and his land.

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Trade fairs set up in cities allowing northern
merchants to trade their furs, woolen cloth, tin
and honey with the merchants of northern Italy
for cloth, swords as well as spices, silk and
sugar from the East.
Rise of the towns laid the foundations for the
transformation of Europe from a rural,
agricultural society to an urban, industrial one.
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Money economy

• As trade increased the demand for gold and silver
  coins grew. An economic system based on money
  instead of bartering emerged.
• This in turn led to new trading companies and
  banking firms.

City government
The need for the freedom to trade meant a need
for new laws. The manor system currently in
place needed to grant more liberties to
townspeople. Eventually new government systems
were created.
Guilds
Regulated prices, standards, methods of trade and
production of most crafts being made and sold.
Apprentices Masters
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The Expansion of the Church

• Pope Gregory VII and
• Pope Innocent III
• Tried to decree that the Pope was supreme over
  all mortals- including removal of influence of
  kings and nobles.
• When kings fought back the Pope used interdict
  refusal to perform sacraments.
• Pressure from people forced the kings to bow to
  Papal pressure.

Pilgrimages also became a big part of
Christianity. Traveling to religious sites (or
shrines) to worship. Reaching Jerusalem was the
greatest and most difficult trip to make.
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Monasteries and Convents as centers of education,
charitable activity, economic productivity and
political power.12th century brought about a
change in literature. Making it available in the
common spoken language or vernacular

• Scholasticism to reconcile faith and reason way
  of teaching.

St. Thomas Aquinas Made the most famous attempt
at reconciling the doctrines of Christianity with
Greek philosophers like Aristotle.
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The Inquisition

• St. Francis of Assisi born into a wealthy
  Italian family.
• Captured and imprisoned during a war
• Experience led him to give up worldly pursuits to
  live and preach in poverty.
• His simple and joyful love of life attracted many
  followers.
• Franciscan monks lived IN the world not away
  from it.
• BUT others were not so giving and open.

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The Inquisition

• Heresy denial of basic Church doctrine. Church
  thought it was saving souls.
• Creation of a court to deal with heretics.
• If the accused confessed public penance such as
  flogging.
• If not tortured until they did.
• If still not executed.

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ArchitectureBourges Cathedral

• Gothic pointing toward Heaven and letting Gods
  light.

• Stained glass, flying buttress, pointed arches,
  ribbed vaults, thin walls

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• Romanesque

• Rectangular with barrel vault (round stone arched
  structure) or cross vault, massive pillars, dark
  inside

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• In 1095, who called for a crusade to recapture
  the Holy Land?
• ? Pope Innocent III
• ? Pope Urban II
• ? King Richard
•  

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• 2. The First Crusade began after claims that
  these Christians had been attacked.
•  
• ? Crusaders
• ? Pilgrims
• ? Children

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• 3. Which of these was not a reason for the
  crusades?
• ? Capture Italian ports
• ? Reinforce the power of the Church
• ? Gain lands and wealth

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• 4. This Islamic leader defeated a Christian
  army, recaptured Jerusalem, and made peace with
  Richard the Lionheart.
• ? King Frederick I
• ? Saladin
• ? Pope Urban

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• 5. Of the many crusades, which was the only one
  that did not end in failure?
• ? The First
• ? The Third
• ? The Childrens Crusade

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Exit Card

• What do you think were the 3 most important
  events, people or ideas you learned about today
  were?