CYTOSKELETON

1
CYTOSKELETON

• Structure
• Network of long protein strands
• Located in the cytosol
• No membranes
• Function
• Support
• Help with movement of organelles in the cytosol
• Cell Type
• Eukaryotic Cells
• Plant and Animal Cells

2
CYTOPLASM/CYTOSOL

• Structure
• Fluid between cell membrane organelles
• Contains water, salts, organic compounds
• Function
• Aids in movement
• Cell Type
• Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
• Plant and Animal Cells

3
Nucleus

• Structure
• Double membrane (nuclear envelope)
• Function
• Control center of the cell
• Stores hereditary info (DNA)
• Makes RNA and protein
• Cell Type
• Eukaryotic Cells
• Plant and Animal Cells

4
Nucleolus

• Structure
• Nonmembrane bound structure
• Function
• Makes ribosomes (nucleolus)
• Cell Type
• Eukaryotic Cells
• Plant and Animal Cells

5
ROUGH ER

• Structure
• Internal membrane is a system of folded sacs and
  tunnels
• Has ribosomes
• Function
• Intracellular highway
• Molecules move from one part of cell to another
  to be exported out of cell
• Cell Type
• Eukaryotic Cells
• Plant and Animal Cells

6
SMOOTH ER

• Structure
• Internal membrane of systems of folded sacs and
  tunnels
• NO ribosomes
• Function
• Intracellular highway
• Storage area for proteins
• Cell Type
• Eukaryotic Cells
• Plant and Animal Cells

7
RIBOSOMES

• Structure
• Made of proteins and RNA
• No membrane
• Most numerous organelle
• Made in nucleus (specifically in nucleolus)
• Function
• Aids in protein synthesis
• Free ribosomes make proteins used by the cell
• Ribosomes on rER make proteins for export to
  other cells
• Cell Type
• Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
• Plant and Animal Cells

8
GOLGI APPARATUS

• Structure
• Stack of membranes or sacs filled with fluid
• Function
• Processing, packaging, and secreting organelle
• Helps with protein synthesis
• Cell Type
• Eukaryotic Cells
• Plant and Animal Cells

9
Vesicles

• Structure
• Small membrane-bound sacs
• Function
• Divide some materials from the rest of the
  cytoplasm
• Transport these materials from place to place
  within the cell
• Cell Type
• Eukaryotic Cells
• Plant and Animal Cells

• Examples of Vesicles include
• Lysosomes
• Vacuoles
• Transport vesicles
• Secretory vesicles

10
MITOCHONDRIA

• Structure
• Double membrane
• Have own DNA
• Very numerous in high requirement cells (muscles)
• Function
• Powerhouse of the cell (energy)
• Transfers energy into ATP to be used as energy
  for life functions
• Cell Type
• Eukaryotic Cells
• Plant and Animal Cells

11
VACUOLES

• Structure
• Fluid filled organelles
• Very large
• Function
• Stores enzymes
• Stores waste
• Cell Type
• Eukaryotic Cells
• Plant Cells (large)
• Animal Cells (small)

12
LYSOSOMES

• Structure
• Spherical organelles
• Contain enzymes
• Function
• Digestion
• Organic molecules
• Old organelles
• Foreign substances
• Cell Type
• Eukaryotic Cells
• Plant and Animal Cells

13
CENTRIOLE

• Structure
• Made of microtubules
• Occur in pairs
• Function
• Aid in cell division
• Cell Type
• Eukaryotic Cells
• Animal Cells

14
CILIA

• Structure
• Short hair-like projections
• numerous
• Function
• Movement
• Cell Type
• Eukaryotic Cells
• Animal cells

15
FLAGELLA

• Structure
• long projections that
• move in whip like fashion
• Function
• Movement
• Cell Type
• Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
• Animal cells

16
CELL WALL

• Structure
• Wall outside membrane
• Made of cellulose
• Has pores
• Function
• Protect
• Support
• Cell Type
• Eukaryotic Cells
• Plant Cells

17
CHLOROPLASTS

• Structure
• Double membrane
• Contains DNA
• Contains green pigment (chlorophyll)
• Function
• Responsible for photosynthesis
• Cell Type
• Eukaryotic Cells
• Plant Cells

18
Chromatin

• Structure
• Strands of genetic material
• Function
• Genetic information of the cell
• Cell Type
• Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
• Plant and Animal Cells

19
PLASTIDS

• Structure
• Membrane bound organelle
• Function
• Storage (starches, lipids, pigments)
• Cell Type
• Eukaryotic Cells
• Plant Cells

20
CELL MEMBRANE

• Structure
• Lipid bilayer
• Proteins
• Function
• Selectively permeable
• Boundary for cell (protection)
• Cell Type
• Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
• Plant and Animal Cells

21
Cell Analogy - Factory

• Cell membrane
• The doors to the factory
• Ribosomes
• The room where the item is made
• Vacuoles
• Storage room
• Mitochondria
• Generator room

• Lysosome
• Garbage cans
• ER
• Hallways
• Nucleus
• Main office
• Golgi Apparatus
• Assembly area
• Cell Wall
• The outer walls