Family Names

1
Family Names Navigating the Periodic Table
2
Part 1

• Metals, Nonmetals Metalloids

3

• Highlight this stair-step line to separate the
  metals from the non-metals

4

• Everything above and to the right is a nonmetal

5
Nonmetals

• Tend to gain electrons
• Form negative ions (-)
• Do not conduct electricity
• Are brittle (unmalleable)

6

• Everything below and to the left is a metal

7
Metals

• Tend to lose electrons
• Form positive ions ()
• Are malleable and ductile
• Conduct electricity

8
Metalloids

• Mark these with an
• B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po
• These sometimes act like a metal, sometimes like
  a nonmetal.

9
Part II

• Families in the Periodic table

10
Important definitionValence Electrons

• Valence electrons are the number of electrons in
  the outer-most energy level (outer-most shell) of
  an atom
• They are completely responsible for how an
  element reacts with other elements.

11
Elements are arranged in Families Groups or
Columns (i.e up and down)

• Families have similar properties
• Usually have the same number of valence electrons
• React similarly

12
Alkali Metals

• The first column
• One valence electron
• Explosively reactive
• Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
• Form bases (alkaline) solutions

13
Alkaline Earth Metals

• Are the second column
• Have two valence electrons
• Stable in air, but
• React quickly with a little energy
• Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
• Make up many minerals

14
Transition Metals are everything in Columns 3 - 12

• Tend to be what we think of when we think metals
• Cr Chrome, Au Gold, Fe Iron, Cu Copper
• Have no rule for valence electrons

15
Noble Gases

• are the very last column
• Have eight valence electrons except Helium (He)
  has 2
• Are very stable
• Do not react with anything (usually)

16
Halogens

• Column 17 next to noble gases
• Have seven valence electrons
• Extremely reactive
• F, Cl, Br, I, At
• Often used to kill bacteria
• (think choline bleach, bromine in spas or pools)

17

• 13Boron Family, 3 valence electrons
• 14 Carbon Family, 4 valence electrons
• 15Nitrogen Family, 5 valence electrons
• 16 Oxygen Family, 6 valence electrons

18

• The Two rows separated at the bottom are the Rare
  Earth Metals and are referred to by the first
  element in their row

19

• The First Row are the Lanthanides,
• After La, Lanthanum
• The Second Row are the Actinides, after Ac,
  Actinium

20

• Everything bigger than Uranium (92) is
  human-made.
• They are created in a laboratory rather than
  discovered.
• They are all radioactive and most only stay
  together for less than a second.