MUTATIONS

1
MUTATIONS
CHANGE IN DNA
No this cant happen with just mutations
2
Mutations are

• Changes in the DNA code
• Mutations that affect your body cells can
  generate changes in your body things as serious
  as cancer, or as simple as moles.
• Mutations that affect your sex cells can be
  passed on to your offspring.
• Mutations can happen naturally, but things called
  mutagens (like UV radiation) can make it happen
  more frequently.

3
Types of Mutations

• Chromosomal
• Large scale addition, deletion, or change of a
  gene or many genes
• Point
• An addition, deletion, or substitution of one (1)
  base in a gene.

4
Types of Point Mutations
5
Missense Mutation

• Substitution of a base that changes an amino
  acid.
• THE CAT ATE THE RAT
• THE CAR ATE THE RAT
• Real life Example Tay-Sachs Disease

6
Nonsense Mutation

• Substitution of a base that changes a codon to a
  STOP codon.
• Examples UAC (codes for Tyr) ? UAG (a stop codon)

7
Frameshift Mutation

• Addition or deletion of a base that causes the
  reading frame to shift.
• Example
• THE CAT ATE THE RAT
• (delete the T in CAT), shift the frame
• THE CAA TET HER AT

8
Effects of Mutations

• Silent Mutations Substitution of a base that
  does NOT change the amino acid
• Caused by CODE DEGENERACY the fact that most
  amino acids are coded for by more than one codon.
• Change of function or Loss of Function Mutations
  will create a new trait.