SOCIOLOGY of ORGANIZATIONS

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SOCIOLOGY of ORGANIZATIONS

• SOCIOLOGICAL THOERIES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO
  ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY

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THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES
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MICRO-LEVEL THEORIES

• SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM-concerned with how people
  give meaning to the events, objects and
  individuals in their everyday lives focuses on
  how one defines and responds to events and
  situations

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Symbolic Interactionism

• Groups form from interacting individuals through
  interactions, people learn what to expect from
  others and learn to share common understandings
  through the use of symbols (such as language)
  through symbolic communication people learn to
  socially construct a world of meaning.

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SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISTS

• George Herbert Mead
• Interested in how humans define their situations
  and how we learn our social roles

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MACRO-LEVEL THEORIES

• Structural Functionalism-assumes that all parts
  of the social structure, culture and social
  processes work together to make the whole society
  run smoothly and harmoniously

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FUNCTIONALISTS

• COMTE
• ROBERT MERTON-manifest and latent functions

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functionalists

• TALCOTT PARSONS-
• -all the parts of the social system are
  interrelated and each persons some task or
  function necessary for a societys survival

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FUNCTIONALISTS

• EMILIE DURKHEIM(1858-1917)
• -individuals conform to the rules of societies
  because of a collective conscience- the shared
  beliefs in the values of a group

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Durkheim

• people grow up sharing the same values, beliefs
  and rules of behavior as those around them and
  gradually these beliefs and rules are
  internalized to the extent that a persons
  behavior is governed from within because it feels
  right to behave in accord with what is expected

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• DURKHEIM AND OTHER FUNCTIONALISTS PLACE GREAT
  EMPHASIS ON SOCIETAL CONSENSUS, WHICH GIVES RISE
  TO STABLE AND PREDICTABLE PATTERNS OF ORDER
• PEOPLE NEED GROUPS TO SURVIVE SO THEY ADHERE TO
  THE GROUPS RULES SO THEY FIT IN

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CONFLICT THEORY

• Conflict in any group or society is inevitable.

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Conflict Theory

• Conflict Theorists advance the following ideas
• conflict and the potential for conflict underlie
  all social relations

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Conflict Theory

• social change is desirable, particularly changes
  that bring about a greater degree of social
  equality

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Conflict Theory

• the existing social order reflects the powerful
  imposing their values and beliefs upon the weak

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CONFLICT THEORISTS

• W.E.B. DuBois
• Race as a construct perpetuating inequality

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CONFLICT THEORISTS

• Jane Addams-
• Hull House

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CONFLICT THEORISTS

• KARL MARX
• MEANS OF PRODUCTION
• PROLETARIAT
• BOUGIEOISE