Logistics in Emergencies

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Session 10.8. Logistics in Emergencies

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Objectives of an Emergency Relief Logistics System

• to deliver the appropriate supplies in good
  condition, in the quantities required, to the
  right places, to the people who need them on
  time.

A
B
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• The Flow of Transport Goods

Port of entry
Terminal storage
DISTRI- BUTION
ORIGIN
Primary warehouse
Forward warehouse
Handling
Short haul
Long haul
The logistics chain
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• Typical Logistics System

LOCAL WAREHOUSE
CENTRAL WAREHOUSE
CAPITAL
SEA
LOCAL WAREHOUSE
PORT OF ENTRY
LOCAL AIRFIELD
REGIONAL WAREHOUSE
LOCAL WAREHOUSE
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Control/Responsibility
To Extended Delivery Point
?
To Distribution Agent
?
?
To Beneficiaries
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WFP/UNHCR MOU, MAR 97
KEY POINTS
TENSION POINTS
WFP responsible for food for all populations of
concern over 5,000
Agreement on numbers
Timing of stocktaking from EDP, reserve stocks
WFP delivers to and manages Extended Delivery
Points (EDPs)
Agreement on numbers, accountability for food used
UNHCR is responsible for delivery from EDPs and
ultimate distribution
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• Logistics Linked Systems
• Operations
• Procurement
• Commodity clearance
• Storage handling
• Transport control scheduling, fleet management,
  driver control, fuel management
• Commodity controlscheduling, tracking,accounting
• Terminal distribution management
• Support
• Administration personnel, security,communications
  
• Finance
• Vehicle and equipment maintenance and repair

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Controlling Monitoring

• The level of controlis a function of thevalue
  and importanceof the goods.

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A few guidelines...

• Keep adequate buffer stocks
• Reduce the number of stops and transfers
• Consolidate facilities
• Unify the system
• Create redundancy in transport
• Define the area of operation
• Standardize the equipment
• Make small, manageable shipments

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• Exercise - Logistica

Nordia
A
Cap City
Regional Warehouse
B
C
Portown
Eastia
Logistica
LEGEND
Airport
Border
Mountains
Seaport
Road
Bridge
Warehouse
Railroad
River
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• Making It Work
• Start with a detailed commodity management plan
• Review the plan with authorities get agreement
  on procedures
• Clear departmental responsibilities, however
  small the operation
• Establish comprehensive personnel management
  procedures
• Keep on fine-tuning once the system is working

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Commodity Control Systems

• Track amounts, location of items at every point
  in the supply chain
• Assign responsibility for goods to individuals
  who are held to account
• Information for planning, scheduling, and
  statistical reporting
• Formal accounting reports to donors
• Where commodities are
• Who received them
• How much was lost

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Information System Functions

• Assisting assessment
• Tracking needs
• Tracking local resources
• Coordination
• Tracking international requests, pledges, and
  arrivals
• Others?

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• Facilities Equipment
• Logistics programs generally require
• offices and administrative equipment
• warehousing
• fuel stores and workshops
• vehicle parks and checkpoints
• personal vehicles for staff
• truck fleets and specialized moving handling
  equipment
• communications equipment
• accommodations for field personnel

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Logistics Security

• Support from national authorities
• Regular pay
• Clearly defined, and monitored responsibilities
• Centralization of key facilities
• Controlled access
• All incidents documented in detail

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More on Security

• Use checkpoints to monitor movement and provide
  overnight security
• Give prior warning of all shipments by radio
• Accounting procedures followed for every shipment
• Regular radio contact/visits to remote sites

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Strengthening Local Infrastructure Institutions

• Protect key resourcesfrom hazards
• Protect existing supply systems
• Ensure enoughvehicles and staffare available
• Ensure capacity at ports and airports
• Make arrangementsfor cash management

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Transport Problems

• Lack of standard equipment, vehicle types
• Difficulties with spare parts and tires
• Inadequate on-board equipment
• Lack of driver discipline
• Dependence on local fuel sources

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Problem Areas

• Lack of authority
• Lack of strategy
• Lack of systems thinking
• Lack of information systems design
• Lack of political/environmental analysis
• Limited financial resources/control
• Insufficient/delayed equipment
• Insufficient/delayed staff

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International Involvement
OCHA
UNRWA
CARE