The Postwar Era

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The Postwar Era

• Despair
• Government Actions

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Essential Questions

• Differentiate the responses of different nations
  to the Great Depression.
• U.S.A.?
• Germany?
• Japan?
• Britain?
• U.S.S.R.?

3
Government Policy U.S.A.

• Government policygt
• Reduce female workforce
• To create jobs for men
• Even when female is head of house

4
Personal Suffering

• Millions unemployed
• Struggle for basic needs
• Caused class division
• Steinbeck U.S. policy planned scarcity
• Little health care
• Increased malnutrition in children up over 60

5
Economic Experiment

• John Maynard Keynes
• Anti-classic theory Adam Smith capitalism self
  correcting.
• Inadequate demand cause of depression
• GOVERNMENT SHOULD PLAY AN ACTIVE ROLE IN
  STIMULATING THE ECONOMY CONSUMER DEMAND.

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Economic Experiment to Fix United States

• F.D.R. gt New Deal
• Protect banking system
• Provide jobs
• Subsidize farmers
• Minimum wage Workers unions
• Social Security
• Revenue Act 1935

3 Rs
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Economic Experiment to Fix

• Japan
• Out of depression by 1931
• Govt. measures at expense of workers
• Germany
• Public works
• Deficit spending
• Military preparation

8
Soviet Economy

• Civil War 1918-1920
• Lenins War Communism
• Nationalized banks, industry, private property
• Elimination of private tradegt unpopular
• Agricultural output dropped by half, 1920

9
New Economic Policy

• Lenin N.E.P.
• Reversed war communism 1921
• Small scale industries privatized
• Agricultural surplus sold on free market
• Programs of electrification and tech school
  implemented

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Stalins Economic
Political Policies

• Heavy industry at the expense of consumer goods
• Alternative to market capitalismgt command economy
• Expropriation of private land gt collectivization
  of agriculture

• Great Purge
• 2/3 of Central Committee
• ½ of army commanders
• 8M in labor camps
• 3M died gt cleansing
• Global reactions fear, contempt, admiration

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Mussolini Fascism in Italy

• Father of Fascism
• Return to the glory of
  Roman Empire
• Private Army
• Black Shirts
• Expanded into Africa
• Attacked Ethiopia
• Admired by Hitler

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Spain

• Generalissimo Franco
• Fascist party - Falange
• Communists
  anarchist movement
• No aid from Britain or U.S.
• Germany Italy
• Military involvement
• Will remain neutral in W.W.2

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Francisco Goya, The Third of May, 1808, Spain,
1814-1815
14
Guernica
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German National Socialism

• Fascism Hitler
• National Socialists Workers Party NAZI
• Individuals subordinate to state
• Extreme nationalism
• Broad appeal to middle class
• Public lost faith in democracy
• Hindenburg offers Hitler chancellorship

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Consolidation of Power

• Nazis outlawed all other
  political parties
• Abrogated all
• Constitutional civil rights
• Created single party dictatorship
• Women gt role of wife mother
• Campaign to increase births

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Anti-Semitism

• Nuremberg Laws
• Deprived Jews of citizenship
• Expropriated all wealth
• Prohibited marriage b/w Germans Jews
• Kristallnacht
• Night of Broken Glass gt destruction of Jewish
  property
• Jewish seek refuge in other countries
• U.K. took approximately 100,000
• U.S. took approximately 60,000

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Brazil

• Corporatist
• fascist sympathizers
• In many Latin American countries
• Getulio Vargas 1872-1954
• Estado Novo
• Modeled after Mussolinis Italy
• Suicide 1954
• Became martyr and national hero

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Mexico
Who is the Latin American leader trying to
accomplish this today?

• Lazaro Cardenas
• 1934-1940
• Land Reform
• Dist. 40 M acres
• Goal
• Break economic grip of U.S.

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Argentina

• Juan D. Perone
• 1946-1955 1973-74.
• Eva Duarte Evita
• Nationalist populist based
• Fascist sympathizer
• Broad base of support
• Modernize industrialize
• Ultimately military dictatorship
• Continuity in Latin America

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Enduring Questions

• Why did the U.S. turn to Roosevelt and the New
  Deal while others turned to militarism?
• Why didnt Latin America follow the U.S. lead?