Lighting

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Lighting

• 4.05
• Sherry Brooks

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• Can emphasize the best features of a room
• Effects the way a room can be used. Inadequate
  light causes eye strain, affect comfort levels,
  and result in accidents.
• Cool-white light is very efficient, blends well
  with sunlight, and makes most colors look good
• Warm-white is efficient but NOT flattering to
  many colors

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Purposes of lighting

• GENERAL lighting also known as background or
  ambient lighting.
• Provides just enough light so everything in the
  room can be seen.
• Softens the shadows and harsh contrasts caused by
  other lighting sources.
• EX Overhead light in any room
• Chandelier in dining room
• Ceiling fan with light

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• Direct lighting light that shines on specific
  areas
• Indirect light reflected off ceilings and walls.
  More diffused and softer

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• TASK lighting focuses light on an area where it
  is needed most.
• To provide the best task light, shades should
  shaped so that light is directed downward
• EX Desk lamp illuminates a desk top.
• Light above a range or kitchen island
• Light on sewing machine

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• ACCENT lighting aimed directly on a specific
  object to create a dramatic effect.
• For the most dramatic effect, the accent lighting
  should be at least 3 times brighter than general
  lighting.
• EX Light over a special painting,
• Lights in a china cabinet

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• TYPES OF BULBS

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Incandescent Bulbs

• Light produced by electricity passing through a
  tungsten filament in a glass bulb.
• This light tends to warm and flattering.
• Bulbs are available in variety of shapes and can
  be clear or frosted
• Frosted bulbs reduce glare and give a soft light

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Incandescent bulbs (cont)

• Small clear bulbs, used in chandeliers, give a
  sparkling effect.
• Available in 15 to 300 watts
• Used in lamps, overhead lights, outdoor lights

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Halogen Bulbs

• Special type of incandescent bulb
• Filled with pressurized halogen gas, which makes
  it more efficient than a regular bulb.
• Usually smaller than a regular bulb, produces a
  whiter and more intense light
• More expensive but last longer
• Can become very hot (1000F), can cause burns

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Fluorescent Bulbs

• Light that is produced when chemicals inside a
  sealed glass tube transform ultra-violet rays
• Produce various color casts
• Usually are long straight tubes, but can also be
  circular and U-shaped
• Can produce up to 10 times the light of a
  standard bulb of the same wattage

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Fluorescent (cont)

• Look for the new compact fluorescent bulbs (CFL)
• These screw into regular light bulb sockets
• Cost more but last longer
• Cannot be used with dimmer switches or electronic
  timers

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Light Emitting Diodes LED

• This diode is a silicon chip about the size of
  a grain of salt and made of crystals.
• An LED bulb can last 100,000 hours OR more (10x
  longer than CFL, 133x longer than a regular bulb)
• Considered to be the next major evolution in
  lighting.
• Just starting in residential use

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Fiber Optics

• Fiber optic lights are being used primarily in
  museums and for displays because they emit no
  heat and no ultraviolet light
• Light flows through the glass strands and is
  focused at the end

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Structural Lighting

• This is built-in permanent lighting
• Fixtures and wiring are hidden from view.
• EX wall washers soffit lighting
• strip lighting down-lights
• valence lighting cove lighting
• cornice lighting
• luminous ceiling panels

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• Wall washers recessed ceiling lights that spread
  light over a wall from ceiling to floor
• Valence lighting light source (usually a
  fluorescent tube) mounted over a window and
  hidden by window valence. Shines light both
  upward and downward
• Strip lighting consist of a row of incandescent
  bulbs around top or sides of mirror in baths
• Luminous ceiling panels plastic panels covering
  fluorescent tubes. May cover all or part of
  ceiling, provides general light

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• Cornice lighting mounted near the junction of
  wall and ceiling and directs light downward. Used
  to highlight wall hangings
• Cove lighting concealed light source that
  directs light upward toward the ceiling. Gives
  appearance of added height
• Down lights direct a beam of light from ceiling
  downward. Can be accent or general lighting.
  Flush with ceiling

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• Soffit light enclosed in box-like structure that
  directs light downward. Usually a plastic panel
  diffuses the light, often used over kitchen and
  bathroom sinks

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Non-structural Lighting

• Consists of fixtures that can be moved or
  replaced.various ceiling and wall fixtures as
  well as portable lamps.
• Consider track lighting, wall sconce,
  chandeliers, hanging pendants, lamps of all types
  and sizes.
• Can use all types of bulbs.

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Lighting for Safety

• Prevents accidents that occur in dim light or
  darkness
• Make sure all fixtures have UL seal that shows
  that fixture meets safety guidelines.
• Make sure ALL wiring meets local and state
  electrical safety codes
• Do not overload outlets with too many lights. Can
  overload circuit and blow fuses or start fires in
  worst case

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Safety Issue in Lighting

• Are there switches at each doorway into rooms
• Light at entrance of home
• Light switch at top bottom of stairs
• Are there controls for garage/carport lighting
  from inside the house
• Can you control outside lighting from inside the
  house