Providing First Aid (2:22)

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Providing First Aid (222)
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Knowing how to perform first aid can save a life
in an emergency.
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• first aid
• Good Samaritan laws
• universal precautions

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First Steps in an Emergency
The three steps for responding to an emergency
are check, call, and care.
If you ever find yourself in an emergency,
knowing first aid could save someones life.
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First Steps in an Emergency

• By learning and using proper first-aid
  procedures, you can help prevent victims from
  suffering further injury and reduce the number of
  victims who die.

First-aid
The immediate, temporary care given to an ill or
injured person until professional medical care
can be provided
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First Steps in an Emergency

• Recognizing an emergency is the first step in
  responding to it.
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• The next step is to check the scene to look for
  hazards and make sure its safe for you to
  respond.

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First Steps in an Emergency

• Once youve determined that the scene is safe,
  you can follow the three Cs of emergency care.

C
C
C
Check the victim.
Call 911 or your local emergency number.
Care for the victim.
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First Steps in an Emergency

• Check the victim. A victim who is unconscious or
  has a life-threatening condition needs immediate
  care.
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• Only move the victim if he or she is in direct
  physical danger or if you must move the victim in
  order to provide lifesaving care.

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First Steps in an Emergency

• Call 911 or your local emergency number and stay
  on the line until help arrives.
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• If the victim is in need of immediate care, get
  someone else at the scene to call 911 while you
  provide first aid.

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First Steps in an Emergency

• Care for the victim. If possible, get the
  victims permission before giving first aid.
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• If the victim refuses help, respect this
  decision. If the victim cant speak to give
  permission, provide care.

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First Steps in an Emergency

• Although first aid can help keep a victim alive,
  it is still important to call emergency services
  and get professional medical care.

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First Steps in an Emergency

• Most states have good Samaritan laws.

Good Samaritan laws
Statutes that protect rescuers from being sued
for giving emergency care
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Universal Precautions

• Universal precautions require people who provide
  first aid or medical care to treat all body
  fluids as if they could carry disease.

Universal precautions
Steps taken to prevent the spread of disease
through blood and other body fluids when
providing first aid or health care
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Universal Precautions
Wear sterile gloves whenever you could come into
contact with someones blood or body fluids.
Wash hands immediately after providing first aid.
Use a mouthpiece, if one is available, when
providing rescue breathing.
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First Aid for Bleeding
The steps for treating bleeding depend on the
type of injury and how severe it is.
The appropriate first aid for bleeding depends on
what type of wound you are dealing with and how
severe the bleeding is.
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Types of Open Wounds
Characteristics
Description
Type
Abrasion
Laceration
Puncture
Avulsion
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Controlling Bleeding

• When treating an open wound on someone other than
  yourself, wear clean protective gloves.
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• If medical help is needed, call 911 first. Next,
  wash the wound thoroughly with mild soap and
  running water.

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Controlling Bleeding

• Follow these steps to control the bleeding
• If possible, raise the wounded body part above
  the level of the heart.
• Cover the wound with sterile gauze or a clean
  cloth.
• Press the palm of your hand firmly against the
  gauze.

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Controlling Bleeding

• Apply steady pressure to the wound for five
  minutes or until help arrives.
• Do not stop to check the wound you may interrupt
  the clotting of the blood.
• If blood soaks through the gauze, add another
  gauze pad on top of the first and continue to
  apply pressure.

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Controlling Bleeding

• Once the bleeding slows or stops, secure the pad
  firmly in place with a bandage, strips of gauze,
  or other material. The pad should be snug, but
  not so tight that you cant feel the victims
  pulse.
• If you cant stop the bleeding after five
  minutes, or if the wound starts bleeding again,
  call for medical help. Continue to apply pressure
  until help arrives.

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Controlling Bleeding

• Bleeding from the eyes, nose, mouth, or ears may
  be a sign that internal bleeding is occurring.
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• Call for help right away and take steps to
  prevent the victim from going into shock.

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First Aid for Burns
Treatment for burns depends on the severity of
the burn.
Burns can result from exposure to heat, flame,
hot water, steam, sunlight, electricity, and
certain chemicals.
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First Aid for Burns

• First-degree burns involve only the outer layer
  of skin, called the epidermis.
• The burned area may become swollen and painful.

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First Aid for Burns

• Second-degree burns involve the epidermis and the
  underlying layers of skin (the dermis).
• The skin develops blisters and there is severe
  pain and swelling.

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First Aid for Burns

• Third-degree burns involve all layers of the skin
  and may penetrate the underlying tissues.
• These burns can destroy nerve endings, so victims
  may not experience pain.

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First Aid for Burns
First-degree burns and small second-degree burns
can be treated with these steps
Cool the burned area by holding it under cold,
running water for at least five minutes. If this
isnt possible, immerse the burned area in cool
water or wrap it in cold, wet cloths. Do not use
ice, which may cause frostbite and further damage
the skin.
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Cover the burn loosely with a sterile gauze
bandage.
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First Aid for Burns
First-degree burns and small second-degree burns
can be treated with these steps
The victim may take an over-the-counter pain
reliever. Make sure the victim isnt allergic to
the medication.
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Minor burns usually heal without further
treatment, though the skin may be discolored. If
signs of infection developincluding increased
pain, redness, fever, swelling, or oozingseek
medical help.
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First Aid for Burns

• Some second-degree burns and all third-degree
  burns require immediate medical care.

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Call 911 and provide first aid until help
arrives.
Cover the burned area with a clean, moist cloth,
but do not remove burned clothing unless it is
still smoldering.
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Do not immerse a large burned area in cold water
the victim could go into shock.
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Be prepared to give first aid for shock or loss
of circulation.
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After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary

1. What are the three first steps for responding to
   an emergency?

Check, call, care
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After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary

1. Identify the four types of open wounds.

Abrasions, lacerations, punctures, and avulsions
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After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary

1. Describe the procedure for treating a minor burn.

Cool the burn with cold water, cover it with a
sterile bandage, and give an over the counter
pain reliever.
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