????????? Microbial Intoxication

1
????????? Microbial Intoxication
?????????

• ???
• ????
• M202

2
????

• ??????????????????
• ???????Staphylococcus aureus
• ????Clostridium botulinum
• ??????Clostridium perfringens
• ?????Bacillus cereus
• ????
• Amines?

3
Microbial Intoxication

• ????????????????
• ??????????????????,?Bacillus cereus?Clostridium
  perfringens

4
Staphylococcus aureus ???????

• ???,????????,??????,??????
• ??,Aw 0.86?????,???10 NaCl,????45???
• ?????,??????????????????toxic shock syndrome

5
Staphylococcus aureus

• ????????,??,?,??????????,????????,?????????
• ???18??,???????????????????,????1215??
• ????????

6
Staphylococcus aureus??

• Coagulase,coagulate citrate plasma
• Alpha-exotoxin,????
• Beta-toxin,a hot-cold ???
• FS toxin,?????????
• Hyaluronidase,spreading factor
• Toxic shock syndrome toxins toxin, TSST
• Enterotoxins

7
Enterotoxins ???

• ??A?B?C1?C2?C3?D?E?F?G??
• ???A,B????
• ??
• A 60? 20min
• B 100? 5min???????
• ???????pepsin,trypsin,chymotrypsin,rennin,papain?

8
Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin

• http//seafood.ucdavis.edu/HACCP/Compendium/chapt1
  9.htm
• http//textbookofbacteriology.net/staph.html

                                                            
SEB
9
Clostridium perfringenes??????

• C. perfringenes (welchii) , G,nonmotile,anaerobic
  ,spore-forming rods
• ????,?????????????
• ?????
• ?activate spore??
• ???,???,?????

10
Clostridium perfringenes

• ??exotoxin?????,AC??????,A????
• ?????106107 cells/g
• ??822??,??,???????,C?????,?????
• ????1555?,???????4347?,pH5.09.0,?5NaCl??
• ????60???,??????? ???????

11
Bacillus cereus

• ????,??????,cereuswax
• ??????,????????
• ??????????,??????????????????
• G acerbic rods,?lecithinase?endospore,D100c8min?
  ????????????

12
Bacillus cereus ????

• ???,??? Diarrheal type
• ?????
• ???,??? Emetic type
• ?????,???? ?
• ???,???? Intermediate type
• ???118??,???????????????

13
Bacillus cereus ???

• ??????????H?
• H1 ?????????
• ??H???????????

14
Bacillus cereus

• ??
• ?????? cereolysin
• emetic toxin cereulide?peptide,??
• enterotoxin????,?????? ??

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereulidemediaviewer
/FileCereulide.svg
15
Clostridium botulinum????

• ?????????????
• Type A,B,E,????
• A???
• E?????????
• Type C,D,?????
• Type F,????
• Type G,?????

16
Clostridium botulinum

• G rods,anaerobic,??
• ???
• pH 4.87????
• pH 5.01??????
• pH 4.5??????????
• 1548???

17
Clostridium botulinum

• ?????,????????????,????????????????????,????,?????
  ,????,?????
• ??????,???????

18
Clostridium botulinum ??
19
Botulism????????

• ????????????,??,?????????,??????????(100??),?????,
  ???????????????,?trypsin

20
Botulinum Toxins
21
Botulinum Toxin A
22
Action of Botulinum Toxin

• ???????,???neuromuscular junctions peripheral
  automatic synapses???acetylcholoine???
• ???1836??????????????????????????,????,????,????
  
• ?????0.11.0 µg

23
Action of Botulinum Toxin
Ayres et al., 1980
24
????????????

• ?????????

CDC 1975
25
Applications of Botulinum toxin

• ?????????
• ????

26
???????
27
Prevention of Outhbreaks

• ??????????
• ???????gassy (swollen)
• ??????
• ?????,????,????
• ?????????

28
Infant Botulism
29
??????????

• 104?7?16???

30
Infant Botulism

• 1970????
• ???????(in vivo)
• ????????,?????????
• ??(6????)?????,?????flora???,?????
• ??weakness?lack of suckling? lose of head
  control,?????
• ????,???

31
????
32
Pressor Amines

• ?histamine,tyramine,serotonin,dopamine?
• ????????????????????
• Scombroid poisoning
• ?Scombroidei??(subordor)?? (???tuna)
  histidine??,????????histamine
• Proteus morhani, Achromobacter,Salmonella,Clostrid
  ium,Escherichia ,Vibrio?

33
Pressor Amines

• ?????????????????????
• ??????inhibit monamine oxidase????,amine????????

34
?????

• ?????(???????????????????)??????
• ?????????????????,?????????????,??????????????,???
  ????????????????????

35
????????
36
????????
37
Chlorophycophyta

• Caulerpa spp.
• Cheatomorpha minima
• Ulva spp.

38
Cyanophycophyta

• Microcysstis aeruginosa
• slow death factor,small peptide
• Anabaena flos-aquae
• Fast death factor,depolarizingneuromuscular
  blocking agent
• Aphanizomenon flos-aquae
• Very fast death factor, heat acid stable
• Lyngbya gracilis marine algae
• Debromoaplysiatoxin, dermatitis toxin

39
Chrysophycophyta, Pyrrhophycophyta

• Peridinium polonicum ??
• 12-methoxybogamine, ichthyotoxic??
• Amphidinium spp. ??
• Gymnodinium spp.
• Red-tide algae, ????????????????,block nerve
  transmission
• http//www.nmnh.si.edu/botany/projects/dinoflag/Ta
  xa/Gcatenatum.htm

40
Chrysophycophyta, Pyrrhophycophyta

• Gonyaulax spp.
• Gonyaulax toxins (saxitoxin)
• heat-stable, no antidote ????
• http//www.nmnh.si.edu/botany/projects/dinoflag/Ta
  xa/Gpolygramma.htm

41
Dinoflagellates

• http//www.assurecontrols.com/info-dinoflagellates
  .htm
• http//www.geo.ucalgary.ca/macrae/palynology/dino
  flagellates/dinoflagellates.html
• http//www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/librar
  y/webb/BOT201/BOT201/Algae/Bot201Dinoflagellatespa
  ge.GIF

42
?????
???????????
43
????
44
Rhodophycophyta
45
??Red Tide, Algal Bloom

• ?????

http//www.hkgnu.org/travaux_de_conservation_devel
oppement_durable_pedagogie_onde_rouge.htm
http//seawayblog.blogspot.tw/2008/07/qingdao-and-
algae-bloom.html
46
?????
http//www.matsu-news.gov.tw/2010web/street_info_1
01.php?UID317
47
Structure of Some Algal Toxins
48
Toxicity

• Mouse Unit??20g?????15?????????
• Saxitoxin???600 MU96 µg,?????35?MU

49
Ciguatera Posioning

• ?????????????
• ?????
• ???????Lyngbia, Schizothrix???
• ?????,?anticholinesterase
• ???????????????? ?????????

50
Algal Toxins

• ???????????,?????????,?????
• http//www.nmnh.si.edu/botany/projects/dinoflag/

51
???

• ?????????,?????????
• ?????????,????????????
• ?????????????????????????