Survival of the

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Survival of the Fittest

• Continuing the line

Genes
Chemical signals
Mating rituals
Multiple mates
Competition
2
Unity Diversity of Life

• As the 19th century came around it was generally
  thought that species remained unchanged since
  their creation.
• However this was about to face one thunderstorm
  change of thought

3
Darwin vs. Lamarck

• In the battle of Natural Selection
• against the
• Inheritance of Acquired Traits

4
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

• Youngest of eleven kids
• Military family
• Expert in plants of France
• Philosophie Zoologique, book
• Continued with research, living a poor's mans life

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
5
Lamarckism

• Species never become extinct instead they
  continue to change over time
• Animal species change over time, due to the
  changes in their environment
• Change occurs not by chance

6
Lamarck was off the mark

• 1. Tendency toward perfection
• If an animal wanted to change something, it could
• Through the study of fossils species started out
  simple and moved toward complexity
• 2. Use and Disuse
• If you dont use it you will lose it
• 3. Inheritance of acquired traits
• Changes made during an animals life could be
  passed down to its offspring

7
Lamarck off the Mark

• Using itperfection!

• Not using itlose it!

8
Charles Robert Darwin1809-1882

• Always enjoyed science growing up but wasnt fit
  for medical school
• Sent to Cambridge with the intention on becoming
  a clergyman
• Loved sports and entomology
• Almost didnt make the voyage on the Beagle as
  the ships naturalist

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Darwinism Descent with modification

• 1. Change over time
• Pre-existing variation
• 2. Variation within a population or species
• Everyone is just a little different
• 3. Natural selection
• Adaptations
• Survival of the fittest
• 4. All connected to the environment

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Whose theory is it?
1. Organisms have changed over time.
2. Organisms changed because they wanted to survive.
There was variation in a population. (everyone was a little different)
4. Certain traits helped organisms survive and reproduce better than other organisms without those traits. (all about genetics)
5. Organisms can never become extinct.
6. The environment had something to do with why organisms changed.
11
Whose theory is it?
7. Parents are able to pass on at least some of their traits to their offspring.
8. Parents are only able to pass on traits that they were born with.
9. Organisms could decide to change something about their body and pass on that change to their offspring.
10. Organisms are still changing.
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B
A
C
D
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B
A
C
D
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Elephant Activity

• Lamarck (red cards)
• 1st C
• 2nd D
• 3rd A
• 4th B

• Darwin (green cards)
• 1st A
• 2nd C
• 3rd B
• 4th D

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HMS(Her Majestys Ship)Beagle 1831
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Darwins first trip
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• Compared species and fossils he found along the
  islands with the species along the main coastline
• Found similarities between the animals and plants
  that had no relation to the species he previously
  studied in Europe but more resemblance to South
  American organisms
• Species found diversified and descended from the
  species off the mainland

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Galápagos Islands

• Galápagos saddle back
• Each island has a distinct tortoise that has made
  a home there

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Tortoises of the Galápagos

• Variation is very evident when visiting island
  after island

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Galápagos Finches

• At first Darwin thought he found different birds
• But then recognized that they were subspecies
  that adapted to their food source, survived,
  reproduced and passed their adaptations on
• Natural selection/Survival of the fittest

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Galápagos Islands
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Darwins famous work

• Was hesitant to publish book
• Origin of Species
• Famous book after he took his trip to the
  Galápagos
• Never used the world evolution but only descent
  with modification due to the different
  environments organisms lived in

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BIRD BEAK ACTIVITY

• NATURAL SELECTION