The Vikings Arrive in America

1
The Vikings Arrive in America

• Evidence shows that the first Europeans to arrive
  in the Americas were the Norse, or Vikings, a
  people who came from Scandinavia. ?

• Around A.D. 1000 Leif Ericsson and 35 other
  Vikings explored the coast of Labrador and may
  have stayed the winter in Newfoundland. ?
• Viking attempts to settle permanently in the
  Americas failed, mainly because Native Americans
  opposed them.

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2
The Vikings Arrive in America (cont.)
Who were the first Europeans to explore the
Americas?
The Vikings were the first Europeans to explore
the Americas.
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3
Columbuss Plan

• In the A.D. 100s, the scholar Claudius Ptolemy
  drew maps of a round world. ?

• His maps used the basic system of lines of
  latitude and longitude that are still used today.
  ?
• In the mid-1400s, Christopher Columbus, an
  Italian navigator, became interested in sailing
  across the Atlantic.

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4
Columbuss Plan (cont.)

• Ptolemys calculations made the earth seem much
  smaller than it actually was. ?

• As a result, Christopher Columbus miscalculated
  the distance from Spainto India. ?
• Columbus tried, but failed, to get financial
  backing from the rulers of England, Portugal,
  France, and Spain for an expedition. ?
• In 1492 Spains King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
  finally agreed to finance Columbuss expedition.

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5
Columbuss Plan (cont.)
Why did Columbus underestimate the distance from
Spain to Japan?
Columbus based his calculations on Ptolemys.
Ptolemy drew maps of a round world projected onto
a flat surface, complete with lines of longitude
and latitude. But he underestimated the distance
that each degree of longitude represented, making
the world seem smaller than it really is.
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6
Columbuss Explorations

• Columbus and his three ships left Spain in August
  1492. ?

• After a long, frightening trip across the
  Atlantic Ocean, they landed in the Bahamas,
  probably on what is today San Salvador Island. ?
• He called the people he met Indians, because he
  thought he had reached the Indies. ?
• Columbus also found the islands of Cuba and
  Hispaniola.

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7
Columbuss Explorations (cont.)

• He built a small fort on Hispaniola called La
  Navidad. ?

• In March 1493 he returned to Spain with gold,
  parrots, spices, and Native Americans. ?
• Columbus impressed Ferdinand and Isabella and
  convinced them to finance another trip by
  promising them as much gold as they wanted.

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8
Columbuss Explorations (cont.)

• In 1493 the Catholic Churchs Pope Alexander VI
  established a line of demarcation. ?

• This imaginary north-to-south line running down
  the middle of the Atlantic granted Spain control
  of everything west of the line and Portugal
  everything east of the line.

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9
Columbuss Explorations (cont.)

• In 1494 Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of
  Tordesillas. ?

• This gave Portugal the right to control the route
  around Africa to India. ?
• Spain claimed most of the new lands of the
  Americas.

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10
Columbuss Explorations (cont.)

• Columbus made three more voyages in 1493, 1498,
  and 1502. ?

• He explored the Caribbean islands of Hispaniola,
  Cuba, and Jamaica, and sailed along the coasts of
  Central America and northern South America. ?
• He claimed many lands for Spain but did not find
  a trade route to Asia.

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11
Columbuss Explorations (cont.)
What did Columbus discover on his voyages to the
Americas?
He landed in the Bahamas, probably on what is
today San Salvador Island. Columbus found the
islands of Cuba and Hispaniola. He returned to
Spain with gold, parrots, spices, and Native
Americans.
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12
Continuing Expeditions

• By the early 1500s, the Spanish had explored the
  Caribbean region and begun to explore the
  American mainland. ?

• The Americas were named after Amerigo Vespucci,
  an Italian who repeated Columbuss voyages in
  1499 and 1501 and discovered that this large
  landmass could not be part of Asia.

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13
Continuing Expeditions (cont.)

• Juan Ponce de Leon, the Spanish governor of
  Puerto Rico, discovered Florida in 1513. ?

• In 1513 Vasco de Balboa becamethe first European
  to see the Pacific Ocean.

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14
Continuing Expeditions (cont.)

• In 1520 Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese mariner
  working for Spain, discovered the strait at the
  southernmost tip of South America. ?

• His crew became the first known people to
  circumnavigate, or sail around, the globe.

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15
Continuing Expeditions (cont.)
Who was the first person to see the Pacific
Ocean, and who named it?
Vasco de Balboa founded a colony on the Isthmus
of Panama. He crossed the land and reached the
opposite coast. Ferdinand Magellan discovered a
strait at the tip of South America and sailed
into the ocean. Its waters seemed so peaceful he
named it pacific.
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16
The Columbian Exchange

• The Columbian Exchange was a series of
  interchanges that permanently changed the worlds
  ecosystems and changed nearly every culture
  around the world.

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17
The Columbian Exchange (cont.)

• Native Americans taught the Europeans local
  farming methods and introduced them to new crops
  and foods, such as corn, tobacco, and the potato.
  ?

• Europeans also adopted many devices invented by
  Native Americans, such as the canoe.

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18
The Columbian Exchange (cont.)

• The Europeans introduced the Native Americans to
  many crops, such as wheat, oats, and barley, and
  to domestic livestock. ?

• The Europeans introduced the Native Americans to
  technologies, such as metalworking. ?
• Europeans brought diseases that killed millions
  of Native Americans because they lacked immunity
  to the diseases.

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19
The Columbian Exchange (cont.)
What kinds of interchanges were part of the
Columbian Exchange?
Native Americans taught the Europeans local
farming methods and introduced them to new crops
and foods. Europeans also adopted many devices
invented by Native Americans. The Europeans
introduced the Native Americans to many crops and
to domestic livestock. The Europeans introduced
the Native Americans to technologies. Europeans
brought diseases that killed millions of Native
Americans because they lacked immunity to the
diseases.
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