Body Fluids

1
Body Fluids

• Specimen Collections

2
Sputum Collections

• Sputum secretions from the lower respiratory
  tract
• Useful in determining specific types of
  respiratory disorders
• Patient may obtain sample by coughing, or by
  respiratory induction. ( RT uses a catheter to
  suction out secretions)

3
Sputum Collections

• Some specimens require collection for up to 3
  days.
• Pts. Who present with TB symptoms hve to obtain
  specimens for 3 consecutive mornings .
• for easier acquisition of sputum, it is
  advisable for pts to drink plenty of fluids
  throughout the day

4
Sputumcont

• All samples must be taken to the lab immediately
  or refrigerated
• Pts information, time of collection, etc must
  accompany specimen to the lab.
• Must be placed in biohazard bag for transport to
  lab.
• WEAR GLOVES!!!!

5
Stool Specimens.

• All rules regarding Universal precautions
  should be observed when obtaining stool
  specimens.
• Pt may expell specimen in a specipan
  containeror
• Digital removal of specimen may be required.

6
Stool Specimens

• Specimen should be obtained with a tongue
  depressor, about the size of a half dollar.
  Placed in a sterile container. Secure lid
  tightly, Label with pt. Information, and time of
  collection..place in biohazard bag.
• Lab request slip with test to be performed..
• Most common tests are for occult blood, ova and
  parasites..

7
Specimen Collections

• Body Fluid Collections

8
Urine Specimens

• Urinalysis most frequently ordered test
• 3 major areas of testing
• Physical
• Chemical
• Microscopic

9
Urinalysis

• Collected in plastic test tubes
• Pts name, date, time of collection on tube
• Tests should be performed within 2 hours of
  obtaining specimen. If not specimen should be
  refrigerated

10
Urinalysis

• FYI
• 1st am urine is the most concentrated
• Random urine specimens (no preparation/nonschedule
  d)
• Midstream Catch partial voiding before
  obtaining sample, about 3 oz. ( this clears
  sloughed off cells, bacteria, mucous, or other
  debris that could interfere with test accuracy)

11
24 hour urine sample

• Large container with preservative added
• Must be refrigerated during the 24 hrs (usually
  in a bucket of ice)
• Should start with the 2nd voiding of the day
• Should end with the 1st voiding of the next am.
• Pts name, date, time collection began

12
Pediatric urine sample

• Collection bags fit over childs genitals and are
  secured with tape
• Can be done at home. Instruct parents to
  transfer urine from bag into clean dry container
  for transport to lab.
• Pts name, date, time of collection

13
Catheterization

• 3 reasons for catheterization
• To obtain a sterile urine sample for analysis
• To relieve urinary retention
• To instill medicine into the bladder, after the
  bladder is emptied
• For urine sample Quick Cath, In Out Cath
• For incontinence Foley Catheter

14
Catheterization
Catheter Collection Bag
Bladder
15
Urinalysis

• Culture Sensitivity determines what be
  maintained throughout the procedure microorganism
  is present and what antibiotic will be effective
  in treatment
• Sterile Technique must be followed.

16
Physical Characteristics

• color pale yellow to red
• clarity clear, cloudy, with exudate, etc.
• odor none, slight, strong, foul
• specific gravity
• ( indicates concentration of urine..values
  between 1.003-1.035 nml)

17
Urinalysis

• Physical cont
• Hematuria blood content in urine gives urine
  a rusty to red color
• Medications can cause change in color
• Pyridium orange

18
Chemical Urinalysis

• Done to reveal abnormal substances in urine
• Reagent Strips convenient, inexpensive
  diagnostic test
• Abnormal substances in urine include glucose,
  albumin(protein), ketones (acetone), bilirubin,
  blood, nitrates, leukocytes.
• Can measure pH (nml 5.0-7.0) and specific
  gravity as well

19
Microscopic Urinalysis

• Done to detect specific abnormalities, ie
  microbes, crystals, cells etcsee pg 587