African Economic, Government, and Social Issues

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African Economic, Government, and Social Issues
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Biggest African Economies

• South Africa- 524 b
• Egypt- 497.8 Ethiopia-
  86.12b
• Nigeria- 377.9 b Kenya-66.03 b
• Morocco- 151.4b Bill Gates-
  150b
• Angola- 107.3b
• Tunisia- 100b
• Libya- 90.57b

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Natural Resources- The Revenue Stream

• D.R. Congo, Zambia- Copper
• South Africa, D.R. Congo, Botswana- diamond,
  cobalt
• Nigeria, Angola, Libya, Algeria, Gabon-Oil
• Uganda-Fertile soil, Africas breadbasket

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Economic Progression

• Subsistence Farming
• Slave Trade
• Diamond and gold mining
• Remove natural resources to feed European
  factories
• Make land profitable with cash crops-cocoa,
  cotton, peanuts and coffee

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Economic Progression

• Europeans added infrastructure to aid economic
  growth
• The Money Economy- pay taxes, cash crops vs.
  food, move labor to areas of need
• African Socialism- Government owns and operates
  major businesses and controls other parts of the
  economy-food, housing, health care
• Today most economies are mixed.

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Economic Progression

• Today- Encourage investment- Multinational
  corporations
• Major Goal- build their own factories and reduce
  dependence on foreign imports.
• Most African Governments want to limit cash
  leaving their countries
• Develop agriculture

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Economic Progression

• Growth of cities / population
• Urbanization / Westernization
• Debt Burden-African nations spend billions each
  year to repay old loans
• Help from I.M.F. / U.N.
• Wealthy nations will not lend because they fear
  they will not be paid back
• Aids epidemic- 25 million have it. Not enough
  money to stop it

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Building Governments

• Pan-Africanism- Kwame Nkrumah / Ghana- The theory
  that all of Africa should be united like the
  U.S.- Tribalism works against this theory

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Building Governments

• Post Independence
• One Party Rule- Julius Nyerere, Tanzania-
  Goal-achieve democracy
• Old fashioned cruel dictatorships
• Military Rule- Nigeria
• 1980s- democratization begins
• Most stable democracies in Senegal, Uganda,
  Mozambique, Ghana, South Africa

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African Religions

• Islam / Koranic Schools
• Animism- Traditional Beliefs
• Christianity- Missionaries
• Judaism- From Red Sea settlements

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African Social Issues

• Genocide- Rwanda- 800,000 Tutsi die in 1994 civil
  war
• Uganda- Idi Amin slaughters 100,000
• South Africa- Apartheid- Legal rigid separation
  of the races- white (Afrikaners), Blacks, Asians

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Apartheid

• 1948- Apartheid begins- Whites 16 / Blacks 70 /
  Asians 3 / Mixed 11
• Races strictly separated- Whites in charge-pass
  laws to control all non-whites
• Non-whites could not vote
• Restricted where they could live and work

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Apartheid

• Laws were passed to control movement-pass book.
  Tracked travel, residence and work location, tax
  payments and criminal record
• Some blacks needed as labor for gold and diamond
  mines
• 4/5ths of mineral resources and fertile farm land
  was controlled by whites

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Apartheid

• Resistance by ANC, African National Congress and
  Nelson Mandela plus economic sanctions finally
  kill system but not before Sharpsville Massacre
  and Soweto riots

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