Home learning

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Home learning

• Review using green pen the questions
• Focus on
• Command words
• Key words
• Marks awarded

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A2 Physical Education Sport Psychology
Group cohesion and Attribution Theory

• Week 4 Revision

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Summary sheets
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Group Dynamics TIPS!

• Be able to define the terms group and team.
• Group formation and dynamics, Carrons
  antecedents
• Factors affecting cohesion
• Task and social cohesion
• Steniers model
• Ringlemann effect, social loafing and strategies
  to overcome social loafing

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Groups

• Groups are those social aggregates that involve
  mutual awareness and the potential for
  interaction (McGrath)

A collective identity
GROUPS (Carron)
A sense of shared purpose
A clear structure for communication
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Stages of group formation. Whose model is this?
Describe each stage to your partner.
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Group Cohesion

• The extent to which a group sticks together in
  pursuit of a common goal.

TASK COHESION The way team members work together
to successfully complete a task, e.g. a football
team sets Out to win by adopting
attacking Tactics at home away matches Vital
in INTERACTIVE Sports, e.g. hockey
SOCIAL COHESION The personal relationships
within a group which relies on individuals
enjoying social interaction, e.g. strong Bond
developed whilst on tour. Vital in CO-ACTIVE
sports, e.g. track and field
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Group Dynamics

• The social processes operating within the group
  between individual members.

• TO ACHIEVE COHESION
• Break down cliques
• and sub groups
• Separate pairs
• Integrate isolates

SUB GROUPS Small groups contained within the
whole group
GROUP DYNAMIC SOCIOGRAM The best way
of illustrating the group dynamics of a team.
Team sports rely on units within the team Working
closely together
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Carrons model
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Steiners Model
ACTUAL POTENTIAL - LOSSES DUE
TO PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY FAULTY
PROCESSES (AP) (PP)
(FP)
The maximum capability of the group when
cohesiveness is strongest
Factors that go wrong in team performance which
impede/ prevent group cohesion e.g. co-ordination
losses motivational losses
The team performance at any given time (due to
successful interaction)
GROUP COHESION IS THE FORCE THAT BINDS A GROUP
TOGETHER, HELPING TO PREVENT FAULTY PROCESSES.
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Faulty Processes

• Co-ordination Losses
• These occur when the operational effectiveness
  of the group cannot be sustained for the whole
  match.
• Planned strategies/tactics may go wrong due to
  positional error or bad timing, e.g. Line out in
  rugby.

• Motivation Losses
• This may occur if the task is too difficult.
• Also an individual might suffer loss of
  motivation causing them to withdraw effort and
  coast through that part of the game. They hide!

A motivation loss that leads to a reduction in
effort is called SOCIAL LOAFING. This is called
when an individuals efforts go unnoticed or when
someone feels like the others on their team are
not trying hard enough. People with low SC tend
to be loafers.
A co-ordination loss that leads to a breakdown in
team work is called the RINGLEMANN EFFECT.
Problems with team co-ordination are more likely
to increase as the number of team members
increase.
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Group Locomotion
The process that explains the reasons why the
group has formed. It symbolises the activity of
the team.
Dont always assume that good players make
good leaders! Make sure you know the
characteristics of a good leader
For locomotion to be efficient there must be a
LEADER to ensure the co-ordination of the team.
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Strategies to develop an effective group and
cohesion
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Whats the difference?

• Ringlemann effect and social loafing
• Strategies to minimise the effects of social
  loafing.

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Question

• Explain Carrons antecedents and suggest how they
  may determine the cohesiveness of a group.

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Review the syllabus

• Devise two questions (3 and 4 marks)

• Devise one essay question (14 marks)

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Group cohesion traffic light sheet
Anything new that Ive learnt

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Summary sheets
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Attribution Theory TIPS!

• You should be able to identify the reasons for
  success and failure in sport.
• You need to understand Weiners Attribution
  Model and be able to relate it to specific
  sporting situations.
• Learn the definitions of mastery orientation
  and learned helplessness.

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Attribution Theory
Attribution theory looks at the common reasons
coaches and players give for their success or
failure in sport.
LOCUS OF CAUSALITY is the performance outcome
caused by - INTERNAL factors under the control of
the performer ability / effort - EXTERNAL
factors beyond the control of the performer task
difficulty / luck
Weiners Attribution Model
STABILITY is the performance outcome caused by -
STABLE factors fixed factors which dont change
with time ability / task difficulty - UNSTABLE
factors factors which can vary with time effort /
luck
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Weiners model - Dimensions

• Locus of causality could fall into two sub
  divided areas
• Internal and external
• Stability dimension
• Stable and unstable
• Third dimension added in (1986)
• Locus of control
• Personal and external

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Attribution Theory
HIGH ACHIEVERS attribute success to internal
factors and attribute failure to external
factors
LOW ACHIEVERS attribute success to external
factors and attribute failure to internal
factors
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Attribution Retraining
The athlete has little control over ability, luck
or task difficulty but has complete control over
EFFORT. Effort is internal and unstable and can
be changed by the performer.
The coach changes the usual external attributions
for failure into internal, unstable controllable
factors.
Attributing a lack of success to internal and
unstable factors will help to prevent learned
helplessness.
LEARNED HELPLESSNESS A belief acquired over time
that one has no control over events and that
failure is inevitable. A feeling of
hopelessness.
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Learned helplessness

• What is it?
• General and specific
• List strategies to avoid it

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Review the syllabus

• Devise two attribution questions (3 and 4 marks)

• Devise an attribution essay question (14 marks)

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Attribution traffic light sheet
Anything new that Ive learnt

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Next lesson and homework
Week 1 Aspects of personality Arousal
Week 2 Controlling anxiety Attitudes
Week 3 Aggression Confidence
Week 4 Attribution theory Group success
Week 5 Leadership