Good Morning AP Bio!!

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• Good Morning AP Bio!!
• We will go over the Safety Contract first
  todayplease have it out ?
• We will also finish our notes from yesterday.
• Pillbug lab prep is tomorrowbring bugs by
  Thursday.
• You will need your comp lab notebook for
  tomorrow.
• You will get reading questions for Chapter 51
  today. These will be due TUESDAY along with your
  summer homework. (No reading questions for Ch.
  53-54)
• This is the day we will be taking our first Quiz!
  YAY!!

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• AP Biology
• Chapters 53.1-3, 53.5
• 54.1-2

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• Population group of individuals of a single
  species living in the same general area who
  interact and interbreed
• density number of individuals per unit area
• not a static number...constantly changing
  (births, deaths, immigration, emigration)
• dispersion pattern of spacing among individuals,
  indicates social interactions in a population
• clumped, uniform, or random
• territoriality also influences dispersion
• Not easy to count all individuals in a
  population...use mark-recapture method to
  estimate population sizes

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• Survivorship Curves
• graphical representation of number of organisms
  alive in a population over time in age ranges
  (death rate)
• Type I low death rates early in life, increases
  in older age-groups
• humans, elephants, primates and other organisms
  with lots of parental care
• Type II constant death rate over life span
• squirrels, rodents, plants
• Type III high death rate in younger ages, death
  rate declines (levels off) in older age groups
• organisms with large numbers of offspring and
  little parental care (invertebrates and fishes)

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• Exponential Growth
• rapid growth, occurs in times of unlimited
  resources (no carrying capacity)
• produces a J-shaped curve
• Formula
• population growth rmax (N)
• (births-deaths)
• rmax maximum per capita growth rate of a
  population
• N population size

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• Logistic Growth
• growth limited by a carrying capacity (number of
  individuals an ecosystem can support)
• varies with changing resources
• growth rate approaches zero as the carrying
  capacity is reached

r rmax maximum per capita growth rate N
population size K carrying capacity
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• Factors regulating population size
• density-independent does not influence the birth
  or death rate
• natural disasters, weather, sunlight, temperature
• density-dependent increases death rate,
  decreases birth rate
• competition, predation, intrinsic physiologic
  factors, waste buildup, territoriality, disease
• negative feedback!

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• Species Interactions
• two or more species interacting in a positive,
  negative, or neutral relationship
• competitive exclusion two species competing for
  the same resource cannot coexist permanently one
  species will use the resource more effectively
  and outcompete the other species
• symbiosis individuals of two or more species
  live in direct close contact with one another
• cooperative behavior organisms work together for
  mutual benefits (social animals, insects)

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Species Interaction /- Description Example
interspecific competition -/- individuals of a different species compete for a resource that limits their growth and survival Bison and grasshoppers both compete to eat grass
Predation /- one species (predator) kills and eats the other (prey) lion attacking and eating an antelope
Herbivory /- an organism eats all or part of a plant/algae cows and sheep eat grass manatee eating sea grass
Parasitism /- an organism (parasite) eats and lives on or inside another (host) tapeworms in small intestine fleas on outside of dog
Mutualism / benefits both species nitrogen fixing bacteria and legumes, bacteria in digestive system
Commensalism /0 one species benefits, the other is neither hurt/benefited birds and grazing animals, barnacles and whales