CONFEDERATION

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CONFEDERATION

• Chapter Seven Confederation
• 7.3.3 Examine the internal and external factors
  that led to Confederation.
• 7.3.4 Examine the political structure of Canada
  as a result of Confederation

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When is Your Birthday?
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When is Canadas?

• What do you know about Canadas Birthday?

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CANADA AND CONFEDERATION

• WHAT DOES THE WORD CONFEDERATION MEAN?
• confederation (k?n?fed?'raSH(?))
• noun
• an organization that consists of a number
  of parties or groups united in an alliance or
  league.
• synonymsalliance, league, confederacy, federation
  , 
•  

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TEXTBOOK TIMEGRAB A TEXT
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3 colonies united to form an alliance as a
country on July 1, 1867 to form CANADA

• Read Page 118
• Take a close look at the map Can you think of
  ways that it is different? Just think about this
  question.
• PEN/PENCIL TO PAPER TASK 1
• Show your understanding of the differences
  with a Venn diagramsee the next slide to get
  started
• THEN THE SLIDE AFTER THAT WILL HAVE THE MAPS FOR
  
• YOU TO COMPARE AND CONTRAST

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CANADA TODAY-COMPARED TO 1867FIND 4 EXAMPLES FOR
EACH PART OF THE DIAGRAM

• 1866/1867 TODAY

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CANADA 1867-VERSUS TODAYUSE THE MAP FOUND AT THE
BOTTOM OF PAGE 118 AS WELL
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CANADA AT BIRTHJULY 1ST 1867

• Canada, July 1st, 1867 consisted of the

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WHY CONFEDERATION?

• Turn to page 123 and read ..
• A CLOSER LOOK -WHY CONFEDERATION
• Record important facts under each subtitle on
  your chart ----why consider such a union.

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Question and Response Time

• Now, turn to page 120THINKING OF THE FUTURE
• READ FROM 120- 122 BEFORE MOVING ON TO THE NEXT
  SLIDE
• and moving along in your package!

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ARE YOU READY? HAVE FINISHED READING PAGES
120-122?

• Time to recap your understanding
• Review the next few slides at your own pace---try
  to answer each question before moving to the
  next slide --- see if you were correct!
• And then repeat until you complete this section.
  Make sure that you RECORD the answers as you go
  in your package.
• Lets
  start..

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QUESTION TIME ??????????????????

• Who first had the idea for a
• union of the colonies?
• (what does union mean?)

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Charles Tupper Premier- Nova Scotia

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• 2. Where was the meeting held to discuss a union?

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PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
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• 3. WHICH COLONIES DID TUPPER WISH TO UNITE?

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• HE WANTED TO UNITE THE MARITIME
• COLONIES.
• NOVA SCOTIA
• NEW BRUNSWICK
• PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

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• 4. Did the Leonard Tilley want to unite and what
  colony did he represent?

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• Leonard Tilley well because ----ever since
  Great Britain starting pulling away with
  responsible government the colonies were not
  doing so well economically.
• Great Britain was also not supporting the
  colonies with military protection and the United
  States was growing larger and STRONGER

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5. Did all of the Maritime colonies want this
union?Which colony did not want this union?
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• 
  P.E.I was not sure

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6. What role did John A. Macdonald play?
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Sir John A Macdonald was the Premier of the
Province of Canada, he asked the Maritime
colonies if the Province of Canada could join in
their discussion of a union AS HE KNEW THERE
WOULD BE GREAT GAINS FOR THE PROVINCE OF
CANADAas The Province of Canada was experiencing
difficult times with passing bills due to
different opinions, they had a huge debt due to
the railway and building canals

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7. Why was Newfoundland not included? What
happened?

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5.

• The other colonies
• thought
  that
• 
  Newfoundland would not
• be
  interested ----
• because
  they were so far
• away from
  the mainland.
• When
  Newfoundland found out they were
• too
  
• late!

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8. When/where was the conference?What was decided
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The conference was in PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
CHARLOTTETOWNSeptember 1-9 1864DecisionThis
was a good ideamore colonies needed to jointo
have another meeting to debate and discussthis
would take place in Quebec, Canadas East, in a
months time

• .

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• 9. What colony joined in the
• discussion this time ---the
• colony that was too late to
• attend the first meeting?

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Newfoundland
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• 10. The Quebec Conference- The second
  meeting--What was the result?

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The meeting lasted for over two weeks. There
were disagreementsbut a resolution was
reachedThere was a list created called
Seventy-Two Resolutions how/guidelines for
confederation.
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WHAT HAPPENED WHEN THE DELEGATES WENT HOME TO
SHARE THE RESULTS FROM THE SECOND MEETING AND TO
REVIEW THE 72 RESOLUTIONSWHAT EXACTLY ARE
DELEGATES

• ?
• DELEGATES IS - THE TERM GIVEN TO THE MEN WHO
  REPRESENTED TO COLONIES AT THE MEETINGS

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DEBATING CONFEDERATION HOME IN THE COLONIES
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WHAT DO YOU THINK?

• DO YOU THINK THE PEOPLE IN THE
• COLONIES SUPPORTED THE IDEA OF THIS UNION?

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Newfoundland says NO
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NOT EVERYONE AGREED

• NOT EVERYONE
• LIKED THE IDEA,
• WHEN THE IDEAS
• WERE SHARED BACK
• HOME IN THE
• COLONIES.
• COMPLETE THE
• CHART IN YOUR
• PACKAGE
• USE PAGES 127-129 FROM THE TEXT

NOVA SCOTIA NEW BRUNSWICK Prince EdwardIsland Province of Canada
FOR
AGAINST
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N0VA SCOTIA AND NEW BRUNSWICK SAID NO TOO BUT
THEY CHANGED THEIR MINDS!!!!
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WHAT HAPPENED AND WHY

• WHY AND WHAT HAPPENED TO CHANGE NEW
• BRUNSWICK AND NOVA SCOTIAS
• DECISION?
• READ THE NEXT FEW SLIDES TO FIND OUT
• WHY AND WHAT HAPPENED--CREATE JOT
• NOTES IN YOUR PACKAGE TO DEMONSTARTE
• YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE EVENTS.

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NEW BRUNSWICK

• In 1865- US ended their RECIPROCITY TREATY with
  BNA and Americans were now less willing to buy
  goods from the colonies because the taxes would
  add to the cost of these goods.
• Trade with the other colonies was now very
  important

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In 1866- a band of Fenians (Irish-Americans
fighting to free Ireland from British control)
came close to attacking New Brunswick and US did
nothing to stop them in their previous
attemptson The Province of Canada

• In the turbulent decade which produced the
  Canadian Confederation of 1867, a group of
  seasoned veterans of the American Civil War
  turned their attention to the conquest of Canada.
  They were Irish-American revolutionaries unique
  because they fought under their own flag. They
  were know as the Fenians and they believed that
  the first step on the road to the liberation of
  Ireland was to invade Canada. 

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• In 1866- the
  people of New Brunswick voted for a government
  that was in favor of Confederation in hopes of a
  stronger defense and to help their economy.

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NOVA SCOTIA

• Joseph Howe tried to influence the British
• government to not accept the idea
• But when he
  arrived in Britain he
• realized that
  others were already in
• Britain to
  work out the details of
• the new
  government. Howe decided
• that there
  was no use in fighting it
• any longer,
  there was no election
• before
  Confederation took place so
• Howe did not
  have a chance.

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During the debates in the colonies

• By November 1866, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and
  Canada had agreed to join Confederation.
  Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island declined
• 
  
• 
  In London, Confederation delegates
• 
  fine-tuned the British North America
• 
  bill before presenting it to the
  British
• 
  government at the end of 1866.
• 
  (Courtesy of the National Archives of
  Canada)

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The London Conference

• In the winter of 1866-1867, the colonial
  delegates went to England to meet British
  Officials
• All that was left was to get the British North
  America bill passed in the British Parliament.
  Sixteen delegates from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick
  and Canada - including John A. Macdonald,
  George-Étienne Cartier, Alexander Galt and George
  Brown - made the journey to London.
• In London, Macdonald, Cartier and the others
  fine-tuned their bill.(72 RESOLUTIONS WAS THE
  FOUNDATION FOR THIS) Only one important change
  was made to the Quebec deal. A new article was
  quietly added, giving English Protestants in
  Lower Canada special rights.

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The rules that resulted from this became Canadas
first constitution- called the British North
America Act (BNA Act)

• 
  
• 
  Copy of the first page of the BNA
  
• 
  Act (1867). This page was not
• 
  part of that
  
• 
  private members bill that was
• 
  passed by
• 
  the British Parliament
• 1982
  renamed -Constitution
• 
  Act

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Key Points British North America
Act (BNA Act)

• Federal government system with representation by
  population -- would have both English and French
  spoken at the federal level
• Protect the rights of French-speaking people,
  language, religion, schools and law (Mainly
  within Quebec)
• First Nations were not given the right to govern
  themselves a separate department of the federal
  government would look after that. (Did not
  mention Inuit and Métis- Inuit was included in
  1939.)
• Canada was a constitutional monarchy, changes had
  to be approved by Great Britain

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THIS CHANGE DID NOT JUST HAPPEN
OVERNIGHT.THERE WERE

• Macdonald was eager to wrap up the work before
  other changes were demanded. By Christmas 1866, a
  preliminary draft was ready to send to Sir
  Frederic Rogers, the permanent undersecretary of
  the Colonial Office.
• Rogers observed the drama surrounding the
  negotiations. "Macdonald was the ruling genius
  and spokesman," Rogers observed. "I was very
  greatly struck by his power of management and
  adroitness.
• While in London, Macdonald narrowly avoided
  catastrophe. He woke up one night to find that he
  and his bed were on fire. He went next door to
  Cartier's room to get help. His hair and hands
  were singed and his shoulder was burned badly
  enough to require medical attention.

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• The British North America bill crawled through
  the tedious, halting machinery of the Commons and
  the House of Lords. It was delayed several times,
  causing consternation among the Canadian
  delegates.
• By March, tensions were rising as it appeared
  that the Conservative government at Westminster
  was on the brink of falling, endangering the safe
  passage of the Canadian bill. The eloquent
  Colonial Secretary, Lord Carnarvon, gave the
  British North America bill its final push.
• "We are laying the foundation of a great State...
  perhaps one which at a future day may even
  overshadow this country. But, come what may, we
  shall rejoice that we have shown neither
  indifference to their wishes nor jealousy of
  their aspirations," Carnarvon said in a speech.

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FINALLY OFFICIAL.

• The bill was finally signed by Queen Victoria on
  March 29, 1867, and Macdonald and his colleagues
  left for home. On July 1, 1867, New Brunswick,
  Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada were
  proclaimed the Dominion of Canada, with John A.
  Macdonald its first prime minister

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JULY 01, 1867THE QUEEN OF ENGLAND SIGNED THE
DOCUMENT THAT CREATED THE DOMINION OF CANADA.

• THE FIRST PRIME MINISTER WAS JOHN A. MACDONALD.

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EXPANDING CONFEDERATION

• Over the years, colonies and territories
  continued to join Confederation to form the
  country we have today.
• Manitoba 1870
• Northwest Territories 1870
• British Columbia 1871
• Prince Edward Island 1873
• Yukon 1898
• Saskatchewan 1905
• Alberta 1905
• Newfoundland 1949name changed at that time to
  Newfoundland and Labrador
• Nunuvat 1999

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(No Transcript)
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1912-1927
CANADA TODAY
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YOU ARE

• FINISHED