ROOTS 26.2

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ROOTS26.2
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Function

• Anchor
• Absorb H2O and minerals are pulled up through
  transpiration (H20 evaporates from leaves and
  pulls water from roots in the process)

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GENERAL TYPES

• Fibrous
• Tap

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ADAPTATIONS

• Adventitious
• Aerial
• prop
• Air
• Storage

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REGIONS OF DEVELOPMENT

• Region of Cell Division Apical Meristem

Region of cell division
Root Cap
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REGIONS OF DEVELOPMENT

• Region of Elongation gives length to root

Region of Elongation
Region of Cell Division
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REGIONS OF DEVELOPMENT
Region of Maturation

• Region of Cell Maturation differentiate into
  specialized tissues Primary Root Stucture)

Region of Elongation
Region of Cell Division
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Primary Root Structure

• 1st tissue to develop from Region of Maturation
• Epidermis- outermost, absorbs, protects, root
  hairs derived from here
• Cortex storage, controls flow of water

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Primary Root Structure
Epidermis
Pericycle

• Vascular Cylinder
• Pericycle 2ndary growth from here
• Xylem carries water
• Phloem carries sugar

Xylem
Phloem
Cortex
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Secondary Growth

• Root hairs
• Lateral roots

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Types of Root Growth

• Primary growth in length
• Secondary growth in diameter

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Arrangement of Vascular tissue

• Flowering plants are divided into two groups
  based on structural differences
• Monocots
• Dicots

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Monocot Root Tissue Arrangement
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Dicot Root Arrangement
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STEMS23.3
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FUNCTION

• Support
• Conduct water and food
• Storage
• photosynthesis

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vw6f2BiFiXiMfeature
related
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STRUCTURE

• Epidermis
• Cambium mitotic makes new xylem and phloem
• Pith, Cortex storage
• Bark dead cells,protects from water loss
• Vascular tissue xylem and phloem

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Epidermis
Cortex
Xylem
Cambium
Phloem
Pith
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Arrangement of Vascular Tissue

• Monocot Vascular tissue is scattered bundles
• Dicots Vascular tissue is arranged in a ring
  patterm

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dicot
monocot
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Stem Growth

• Meristem - located on tips (growth in height -
  primary) and on sides (growth of branches -
  secondary)
• Cambium growth in diameter secondary forms
  tree rings.

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Types of Stems

• Woody
• Dead xylem cells form wood adds strength
• Grow in width each year
• Vascular tissue arranged in rings
• Bark protects
• Perennial grow more than one season

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Type of Stem

• Herbaceous
• Soft, fleshy
• Usually green no bark
• Not much secondary growth (width)
• Vascular tissue is scattered.
• Annuals only grow one season

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Stem Adaptations

• Stolons/rhizomes runners cause vegetative
  propagation
• Tubers underground stems storage potato
• Bulbs/corms underground stems with fleshy
  leaves onions, tulips, garlic

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LEAVES23.4
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Function

• Photosynthesis
• Transpiration pulling water up from the roots
  and out the leaves

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Structure

• Epidermis
• Upper covered by cuticle
• Lower contains stoma with guard cells

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Cont.

• Palisade layer many chloroplasts
• Mesophyll many air spaces
• Vascular bundle veins

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VEIN
Epidermis with cuticle
PalisadeLayer
Mesophyll
Stomata
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External Structures

• Petiole structure that attached leaf to stem
• Blade thin, flat area of leaf different sizes,
  shapes arrangement
• Mid rib main vein
• Leaf margin edge of leaf

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Venation in Monocots and Dicots

• Monocots parallel leaf venation
• Dicots netted venation

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Pop Quiz
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Adaptations in leaves

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vktIGVtKdgwofeature
  fvsr

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Flowers, Fruits SeedsCh. 24
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Angiosperms
reproduce using flowers.
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Flowering Plants have
Dicot
Monocot
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3
4
2
5
4
2
1
5
6
1
8
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Multiples of 3
Multiples of 4 or 5
Flowers
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Flowers

• Composed of modified leaves
• Sepals usually green enclose bud
• Petals brightly colored just inside sepals
• Stamen male reproductive organ
• Filament - stalk
• Anther produces pollen (male gamete)
• Carpel (pistil) female reproductive organ
• Stigma- sticky pollen attaches here
• Style narrow stalk
• Ovary contains ovules

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Anther filament
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Stamen
Anther
Filament
Male part of flower
Parts of a Typical Flower
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Stigma
Pistil
Style
Female part of flower (Sounds like Pigtail)
Ovary
Parts of a Typical Flower
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Plant Reproduction
Plants can reproduce asexually by vegetative
propagation.
Stems
Roots
Plantlets
Stems, plantlets and roots can become a new
plant.
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Plant Reproduction
Plants can reproduce asexually by plant
propagation.
Cuttings
Grafting Budding
A cut from a plant can grow roots when put in
soil.
Two plants are attached to form one plant.
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Angiosperm Life Cycle

• Pollination transfer of pollen from anther to
  stigma of carpel
• Often dependent on pollinators
• Pollen grows a tube through which sperm nuclei
  travel
• Fertilization
• sperm nuclei fuse with ovule inside
• produce a seed
• Ovary ripens into a fruit

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Fruits ripened ovary type determined by
structure of ovary and ovules

• Dry
• Nuts
• Fleshy
• Drupes - apple
• Pomes - peach
• Berries
• Hesperidium - orange
• Pepo - cucumber
• Aggregate - raspberry

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Seed Dispersal

• Animal
• Wind
• Water

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Seed Germination

• Timing controlled by climate (moisture,
  temperature, etc.)
• Endosperm (food source) swells with moisture and
  cracks open seed coat
• Root emerges first
• Cotyledons emerge second
• Monocot one seed leaf
• Dicot two seed leaves

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Plant Growth

• Controlled by hormones (auxins)
• Cause tropisms
• Gravitropism
• Thigmotropism
• phototropism

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