ADB Loan Project Environmental Management Manual ?????? ????????

1
ADB Loan ProjectEnvironmental Management
Manual??????????????

• ???????????????,?????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????,????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????

2
Overview ??

• 1. Overview of ADB Loan Project
• ????????
• 2. Management Procedures
• ???????
• 3. Main Environment Work of the Project Cycle
• ????????????
• 4. Main Elements of Environmental Management
  Plan
• ???????????
• 5. Case Analysis
• ????

3
1. Overview of ADB Loan Project ????????
4
Overview of ADB Loan Project ????????

• Strategic Objectives ????
• Core Areas of Operations ??????
• Features of ADB Projects ????
• Current Safeguard Policy ??????
• Environmental Safeguard Policy Experience
  ????????
• Environmental Classification ????
• Requirements ??

5
Overview of ADB Loan Project ????????Strategic
Objectives ????

• ADB announced its new "Strategy 2020", a
  long-term strategic framework, which goal is to
  build an Asia and Pacific region free of poverty.
  
• ?????????2020???,????????????????????????

6
Overview of ADB Loan Project ????????Strategic
Objectives ????
Environmentally sustainable growth ???????
Inclusive economic growth ??????
Focus ????
Regional integration ?????
7
Overview of ADB Loan Project ????????Core Areas
of Operations ??????

• ADB cannot and will not attempt to meet all
  needs of all DMCs. To maximize results,
  efficiency, and impact, ADB will employ its
  financial and institutional resources in five
  core areas.
• ?????????????????????,????????,?????,????????
  ??5????????

8
Overview of ADB Loan Project ????????Core Areas
of Operations ??????
Infrastructure ????
Environment ??
Five core areas 5???????
RCI ????????
Finance sector development ??????
Education ??
9
Overview of ADB Loan Project ????????Features
of ADB Projects ????

• Each ADB project has dedicated project executing
  agency and implementing agency, to ensure the
  project successfully implemented.
• ????????????????????????,??????????
• In the early stage of project implementation, the
  construction unit needs to carry out field
  investigations and survey research, and prepare
  well-conceived construction plan to ensure the
  successful project implementation.
• ??????,???????????????????,??????????,???????
  ??

10
Overview of ADB Loan Project ????????Features
of ADB Projects ????

• ADB projects require to establish project
  monitoring and evaluation system before the
  commencement of loan, to issue project report
  quarterly or semiannually.
• ??????????????????????????,??????????????
• In the earlier stage, ADB will require local
  government has indeed feasible policies and
  regulations in the loan project industry, and
  require project management following the
  country's relevant policies also must comply with
  ADB's loan management policies.
• ????????,?????????????????????????????,??????
  ????????????,??????????????

11
Overview of ADB Loan Project ????????Features
of ADB Projects ????

• In the project preparation and implementation
  process, ADB focuses both on social impacts and
  environmental impacts, and ensures various
  environmental impacts and social impacts be
  identified through perfect mechanisms, and
  develops practical measures to strengthen the
  beneficial effects, relief the negative effects.
• ???????????,?????????????????,???????????????
  ?????????,???????????????????,??????????

12
Overview of ADB Loan Project ????????Current
Safeguard Policy ??????

• Impacts are identified and assessed early in the
  project cycle
• ????????????????
• Plans to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate
  for the potential adverse impacts are developed
  and implemented
• ?????????????????????????
• Affected people are informed and consulted during
  project preparation and implementation.
• ?????????????????????????

13
Overview of ADB Loan Project ????????Environment
al Safeguard Policy Experience ????????

• ADB's "Environmental Policy" makes sure the
  principles of integrating environmental
  protection into ADB's various operations.
• ???????????????????????????
• "Environmental Policy" and the "Operational
  Manual 20 Environmental Protection in various
  operations" prescribe the procedures and
  requirements of environmental assessment.
• ?????????20-????????????????????????
• ADB's "Environmental Assessment Guide" provides
  specific guidance for how to implement and
  complete the environmental assessment proscribed
  in the "Environmental Policy" and the "OM20".
• ?????????????????????????20(OM20)??????
  ?????????????

14
Overview of ADB Loan Project ????????Environment
al Classification ????
Classification Features Basic requirements
Category A Projects are categorized as A if they could have significant adverse environmental impacts to population, biodiversity or natural resources, and the impacts is not reversible, changeable, or never seen before. The impacts of category A may beyond the project construction site, and an environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required to address significant impacts
Category B Projects are categorized as B if they could have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree or significance than those for category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required
Category C Projects are categorized as C if they are unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is required
Category FI Projects are classified as category FI if they involve a credit line through a financial intermediary or an equity investment in a financial intermediary. The financial intermediary must apply an environmental management system, unless all subprojects will result in insignificant impacts. No
15
Overview of ADB Loan Project ????????Environment
al Classification ????
???? ?? ????????
A? ???????????????????? ????????,??????????? ?????,???????A???? A???????????? ???????????? ???????
B? B???????????A???????? ?????????????????? ?????,?????????A????? ??? ???????
C? C??????????????????? ??????,?????????????
FI? ???????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????,?????C???? ???????
16
Overview of ADB Loan Project ????????
Requirements ??

• A typical EIA report includes the following major
  elements
• ??????????????????
• (1) Executive summary ????
• (2) Description of the project ????
• (3) Description of the environment ????
• (4) Anticipated environmental impacts and
  mitigation measures
• ???????????
• (5) Analysis of alternatives??????
• (6) Environmental management plan(s) or
  equivalent programme document
• ??????,????????
• (7) Consultation and information disclosure
  ???????
• (8) Conclusion and recommendations ??????

17
Overview of ADB Loan Project ????????
Requirements ??

• ?????????????????
• A typical environmental audit report includes the
  following major elements
• (1) Executive summary ????
• (2) Facilities description, including both past
  and current activities
• ????,????????????
• (3) Summary of national, local, and any other
  applicable environmental laws, regulations, and
  standards
• ?????????????????????
• (4) Audit and site investigation procedure
  ?????????
• (5) Findings and areas of concern ???????
• (6) Corrective action plan that provides the
  appropriate corrective actions for each area of
  concern, including costs and schedule.
• ??????,?????????,??????????????

18
2. Management Procedures ???????
19
Management Procedures ???????

• Concept of Environmental Management
• ???????
• Contents of Environmental Management
• ???????
• Key Work Procedures of Early Stage of ADB Project
  
• ????????
• Comparison of Project Environmental Management
  Procedures between China and ADB
• ???????????????

20
Management Procedures ???????Concept of
Environmental Management ???????
Narrowly, environmental management mainly refers
to various measures to control pollution
behaviors. ??????????????????????? Generally,
environmental management is in accordance with
economic laws and ecological laws, use of
administrative, economic, legal, technology,
education and the media and other means, through
a comprehensive and systematic planning, to
adjust and control peoples social activities, to
achieve both economic development and to meet the
basic human needs, and do not exceed the
allowable limits of the environment.
????????????????????,????????????????????????,???
?????,???????????????,?????????????????,??????????
??
21
Management Procedures ???????Contents of
Environmental Management ???????

• Classify from the scope of environmental
  management
• Resources environmental management
• Regional Environmental Management
• Sector environmental management
• Classify from the nature of environmental
  management
• Environmental Plan Management
• Environmental Quality Management
• Environmental Technology Management

• ???????????
• ??????
• ??????
• ??????
• ???????????
• ??????
• ??????
• ??????

22
Management Procedures ???????
Key Work Procedures of Early Stage of ADB Project
????????
23
Management Procedures ???????
Key Work Procedures of Early Stage of ADB Project
????????
24
Management Procedures ???????
Comparison of Project Environmental Management
Procedures between China and ADB ???????????????
25
Management Procedures ???????
Comparison of Project Environmental Management
Procedures between China and ADB ???????????????
26
3. Main Environment Work of the Project Cycle
????????????
27
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????

• Project Preparation Stage ??????
• Project Preparation and Appraisal Stage ?????????
  
• Project Approval Stage ??????
• Project Implementation Stage ??????
• Project Acceptance Stage ??????
• Post-Evaluation Stage ?????

28
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Preparation Stage
??????

• Work Description ????
• China prepare the "Project Proposal" and the
  "Opinions of the intention of initial funding
  sources".
• ??????????????????????
• ADB For the approval of PPTA and project
  application listed to loan plan, the relevant
  environmental aspects of work include project
  application in the list of candidate project,
  environmental classification and the TOR of
  consultants in the preparation of technical
  assistance.
• ?????????????????????????,?????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????

29
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Preparation Stage
??????

• Outcome Documents ???????
• The project proposal ?????
• Preliminary identification of the opinions of the
  intention of the project funding sources
• ???????????????
• PPTA Document??????????
• Intention of project to be listed in loan program
  
• ??????????
• Candidate list of projects ??????
• The final report of PPTA ????????????

30
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Preparation Stage
??????

• Work Procedures ????
• Project unit applies the project to local
  Development and Reform Commission
• ??????????????
• Connect with ADB ?????
• Procedures in ADB loan planning ???????????
• ADB send project identification mission ?????????
  
• Project Preparation Technical Assistance ????????
  

31
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Preparation and
Appraisal Stage ?????????

• Work Description ????
• China the preparation of the environmental
  chapter in "Environmental Impact Report,"
  "Feasibility Study report", "preliminary design"
  and write the "starting report.
• ????????????????????????????????????
  

32
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Preparation and
Appraisal Stage ?????????

• ADB The preparation of environmental reports
  (including environmental management plan)
  ,environmental component of bank reports,
  memorandum and understanding, memorandum of
  project management, and environmental terms of
  the loan agreement.
• ????????(???????)???????????????????????????
  ???????????

33
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Preparation and
Appraisal Stage ?????????

• Outcome Documents ???????
• "Environmental Impact Report" ??????
• Feasibility Study Report ???????
• The Environmental Protection Chapter in the
  Preliminary Design
• ???????????
• Starting report????
• Environmental impact assessment report and
  environmental management plan
• ?????????????(???????)

34
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Preparation and
Appraisal Stage ?????????

• Outcome Documents ???????
• Environmental component of bank President Report
• ?????????
• Assessment of the Memorandum of Understanding
• ???????
• Project Management Memorandum
• ???????
• The environmental provisions of the loan
  agreement
• ?????????

35
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Preparation and
Appraisal Stage ?????????

• Work Procedures ????
• Construction units commissioned the appropriate
  qualified environmental impact assessment agency
  for the preparation of "environmental impact
  report" and apply to the environmental protection
  administrative departments for approval.
• ??????????????????????????,????????????????
  ??
• Construction units commissioned the corresponding
  engineering consulting qualified body to finish
  "Feasibility Study" and apply to Development and
  Reform Commission departments for approval
  accompanied by the following materials.
• ?????????????????????????,?????????????

36
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Preparation and
Appraisal Stage ?????????

• Work Procedures ????
• Project organization together with ADB choose the
  environmental impact assessment agencies for the
  preparation of environmental assessment report
  (including the Environmental Management Plan)
• ??????????????????????????(???????)
• After approval of feasibility study report,
  project financial reports should be immediately
  prepared and reported to National Development and
  Reform Commission for approval. The report should
  be submitted 30 working days before the loan
  agreements would be negotiated.
• ??????????,??????????????,???????????????????
  ???????30????

37
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Preparation and
Appraisal Stage ?????????

• Work Procedures????
• Environmental assessment report should be
  submitted to ADB Board of Directors for appraisal
  
• ????????????????
• ADB release the environmental assessment summary
  to public (120 days before ADB will consider
  whether to approve the loan)
• ?????????????(120????????????)
• Carry out environmental reviews on the "President
  Report"
• ????????????????

38
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Preparation and
Appraisal Stage ?????????

• Work Procedures????
• After the approval of "President Report" by the
  Asian Development Bank senior "management
  hearing", the Asian Development Bank mission will
  visit to China for project loan assessment (2-3
  weeks)
• ??????????????????????,???????????????????(
  23?)
• Sign a memorandum of understanding with the China
• ????????????
• Reconfirmed environment classification
• ????????
• Project Management Memorandum
• ???????

39
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Approval Stage ??????

• Work Description ????
• China provide the approval views from
  environmental protection administrative
  department for the "Feasibility Study",
  "preliminary design", "start report", "financial
  reporting report"
• ????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????
• ADB prepare the bank president report
  (environmental component), the Loan Agreement
  (Environmental Terms) for bank loan negotiations
  and approval
• ????????????????(????)?????(????

40
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Approval Stage ??????

• Outcome Documents
• Loan documents
• The approval of the views of "Feasibility Study"
• The approval of the views of "preliminary design"
• Approval of the views of "start report"
• "Financial Reporting Report"

• ???????
• ????
• ????????????
• ?????????
• ?????????
• ??????

41
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Approval Stage ??????

• Work Procedures????
• ADB "management hearing" or "employee hearing",
  will discuss the President draft report and the
  Asian Development Bank assessment mission the
  memorandum of understanding to form and submit
  those to the Board, including "President Report",
  "Loan Agreement", "project agreement" draft
  document and will send to the Chinese Government
  and the project implementing agencies
• ??????????????????????????????????????,??
  ?????????????????????????,???????????????
• Loan negotiations ????
• Determine the environmental provisions of the
  loan agreement
• ???????????

42
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Approval Stage ??????

• Work Procedures????
• Initially sign the loan agreement and project
  agreement, sign minutes of loan negotiations
  meeting
• ????????????,??????????
• Board of Directors approval ?????
• The signing of loan documents (90 days after the
  entry into force)
• ??????(90??????)
• Report "Feasibility Study" to the Development and
  Reform Commission
• ?????????????

43
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Approval Stage ??????

• Work Procedures????
• Apply for "preliminary design" to the Development
  and Reform Commission
• ??????????
• Apply for "start report to the Development and
  Reform Commission
• ??????????
• Applying for funds request report to the National
  Development and Reform Commission
• ????????????????????

44
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Implementation Stage
??????

• Work Description ????
• China the project executing agency will have the
  initiative responsible for all the work of the
  project process and regularly inform the ADB
  project's progress. At this stage, environmental
  management related work is as follows
  "3-simultaneous" management, construction site
  environmental supervision, environmental
  protection facilities trial operation,
  environmental effect monitoring.
• ????????????????????,???????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????

45
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Implementation Stage
??????

• ADB ADB will fully supervise the project,
  sending the project starting mission to check the
  preparation effect for projects and specify
  details of the loan documents, to report
  environmental monitoring and soil erosion
  monitoring, then form project management
  memorandum.
• At least once a year ADB should send
  inspection team to check the progress of the
  project, special circumstances with special
  inspection missions.
• At this stage, environmental
  management-related work is as follows amend the
  environmental management plan, review the
  implementation of environmental management plans.
  
• ????????????,??????????????????????????,????
  ?????????,??????????
• ??????????????????,??????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????

46
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Implementation Stage
??????

• Outcome Documents
• Environmental Impact Monitoring Report
• Construction site environmental supervision
  records
• The revised Environmental Management Plan
• Environmental Management Memorandum
• Progress Report
• Feedback reports
• Inspection report of the ADB mission

• ???????
• ????????
• ??????????
• ??????????
• ???????
• ????
• ????
• ???????

47
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Implementation Stage
??????

• Work Procedures????
• ADB review and approve work plan of the
  implementation agency
• ????????????????
• ADB inspect progress report submitted by the
  implementing agencies
• ???????????????
• ADB sends a delegation
• ???????
• ADB loan disbursement
• ??????
• During project construction period construction
  supervision
• ?????????

48
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Acceptance Stage ??????

• Work Description ????
• China The construction project completion and
  acceptance of environmental protection,
  establishment of project environmental management
  related system
• ????????????????????????????
• ADB Carry out inspection after the project
  completion, the preparation of "Project
  Completion Report," makes a comprehensive summary
  of the loan project
• ??????????,???????????????????

49
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Acceptance Stage ??????

• Outcome Documents ???????
• Environmental protection completion and
  acceptance reports
• ??????????
• Environmental management related system documents
• ??????????
• "Project Completion Report" (within 6 months of
  loan projects completion) should be submitted to
  ADB performance evaluation agency for review
• ??????(??????6???)??????????

50
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Acceptance Stage ??????

• Work Procedure????
• Environmental protection Acceptance ????
• Environmental management related system documents
• ??????????
• ADB sends experts to assist the project
  implementing agencies to complete the project
  inspection and the preparation of project
  completion reports.
• ????????????????????????,????????

51
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Project Acceptance Stage ??????

• Work Procedure????
• The termination of ADB accounting agency
  disbursement, and cancel the project loan account
• ?????????????????????
• ADB performance evaluation Bureau sample and
  evaluate, and their information is reflected in
  the ADB policy adjustments, the country strategy
  and program planning and rolling plan.
• ???????????,???????????????????????????

52
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Post-Evaluation Stage ?????

• Work Description????
• China a routine environmental monitoring,
  pollutant emission application registration
• ??????????????????
• ADB the preparation of "Project Performance
  Assessment Report," within 2-3 years after the
  completion - to conduct inspections in accordance
  with REESI (relevance, effectiveness, efficiency,
  sustainability and institutional development)
• ????????????,???2-3???REESI????(????????
  ???????????)

53
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Post-Evaluation Stage ?????

• Outcome Documents ???????
• Routine Environmental Monitoring Report
• ????????
• Pollutant emission application registration
  document
• ???????????
• "Project Performance Assessment Report" (2-3
  years after loan completion of the project)
• ????????(??????2-3?)

54
Main Environment Work of the Project
Cycle????????????Post-Evaluation Stage ?????

• Work Procedures ????
• China Environmental Monitoring sectors conduct
  projects monitoring activity
• ?????????????????????
• Pollutant emission application registration
  document
• ???????????
• Design project performance management system to
  complete the project performance evaluation
  report
• ??????????,??????????

55
4. Main Elements of Environmental Management
Plan ???????????
56
4. Main Elements of Environmental Management
Plan ???????????

• The Main Elements of EMP ???????????
• EMP Implementation?????????
• Related Forms Reference Sample ?????????

57
Main Elements of Environmental Management Plan
??????????The Main Elements of EMP ???????????

• The EMP will include
• the proposed mitigation measures
• environmental monitoring and reporting
  requirements
• emergency response procedures
• related institutional or organizational
  arrangements
• capacity development and training measures
• implementation schedule
• Cost estimates and performance indicators.

• ???????????????
• ???????
• ?????????
• ???????
• ??????????
• ?????????
• ????
• ?????????

58
Main Elements of Environmental Management Plan
?????????EMP Implementation?????????

• The environmental conditions of loan agreements
  generally include
• ????????????
• The key environmental impact mitigation measures
  and monitoring plan????????????????
• The institutional arrangements and
  responsibilities to implement Environmental
  management plans
• ????????????????

59
Main Elements of Environmental Management Plan
?????????EMP Implementation?????????

• The environmental conditions of loan agreements
  generally include
• ????????????
• Evaluation of the effectiveness of environmental
  management plans and the requirements of
  reporting for ADB
• ???????????????????????
• Public consultation and the specific requirements
  of environment-friendly procurement, when
  necessary
• ?????????????????????????

60
Main Elements of Environmental Management Plan
?????????EMP Implementation?????????
During the implementation stage, once
construction and operational activities are
determined, the environmental management plan
should be amended accordingly. New added contents
should include
?????,???????????,??????????????,???????

• the allocation of responsibilities of report
• work plan
• procurement plan
• detailed cost estimations
• the mechanism of taking remedial actions

• ???????
• ????
• ????
• ???????
• ?????????

61
Main Elements of Environmental Management Plan
?????????EMP Implementation?????????

• The implementation report of the plan includes
  the following aspects
• ???????????????????????
• Environmental management institutional
  strengthening and capacity building
• ?????????????????
• Implementation of the mitigation measures
• ?????????????
• Environmental monitoring results
• ???????
• Recovery and return of the temporary area
• ???????????

62
Main Elements of Environmental Management Plan
?????????EMP Implementation?????????

• The implementation report of the plan includes
  the following aspects
• ???????????????????????
• Problems encountered
• ?????
• Data collection
• ????
• The results of independent monitoring of
  resettlement
• ??????????
• Research findings
• ???????

63
Main Elements of Environmental Management Plan
??????????? Related Forms Reference Sample
?????????
Mitigation measures ???????????
Phases ???? Project ???? Potential environmental impact ?????? Proposed mitigation measures ??????? Institutional responsibilities ???? Cost estimation ????
pre-construction ?????
Construction ????
Operation and Maintenance ???????
64
Main Elements of Environmental Management Plan
??????????? Related Forms Reference Sample
?????????
Monitoring requirements ???????????
Phases ???? Mitigation Measures ???? Monitoring parameter ?????? Site ?? Method ?? Frequency ?? Task?? Cost ??
pre-construction ?????
Construction ????
Operation and Maintenance ???????
65
Main Elements of Environmental Management Plan
??????????? Related Forms Reference Sample
?????????
Institutional strengthening and
training ??????????????
I.Strengthening Project I.???? Position (liability) ??(??) Content ?? Content ?? Timing ???? Cost Estimation ????
Mitigation Measures ????
Monitoring ??
II.Training Activities II.???? Participants ???? Course ?? Content ?? Timing ???? Cost Estimation ????
1.EMP Implementation, Design Amendments and Problem Resolve 1.EMP???,????,?????
2. Environmental Procedures, Methods and Equipment 2.??????????
3. Environmental Policy and Plan 3.???????
66
Main Elements of Environmental Management Plan
??????????? Related Forms Reference Sample
?????????
Progress report ???????
Project ???? First Year ??? Second Year ??? Third Year ???
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Mitigation Measures ????
Monitoring ??
Strengthening ????
Training ??
67
5. Case Analysis ????
68
Case Analysis????

• Case Analysis - Wastewater and Rainwater
  Management Project in a city
• ???????????????
• Case AnalysisThe Railway Project Environmental
  Management (EMP) Program
• ?????????????(EMP)??

69
Case Analysis????Wastewater and Rainwater
Management Project in a city ???????????
70
Case Analysis????Wastewater and Rainwater
Management Project in a city ???????????
71
Case Analysis????Wastewater and Rainwater
Management Project in a city ???????????
External independent monitoring plan (part)
72
Case Analysis????Wastewater and Rainwater
Management Project in a city ???????????
????????(??)
73
Case Analysis????Wastewater and Rainwater
Management Project in a city ???????????
Internal self-monitoring plan(part)
74
Case Analysis????Wastewater and Rainwater
Management Project in a city ???????????
????????(??)
75
Case Analysis????Wastewater and Rainwater
Management Project in a city ???????????
Public consultation plan
76
Case Analysis????Wastewater and Rainwater
Management Project in a city ???????????
??????
77
Case Analysis????Wastewater and Rainwater
Management Project in a city ???????????
Feedback and adjustment mechanism of
environmental management plan
78
Case Analysis????The Railway Project EMP
?????????(EMP)??
79
Case Analysis????The Railway Project EMP
?????????(EMP)??
80
Case Analysis????The Railway Project EMP
?????????(EMP)??
81
Case Analysis????The Railway Project EMP
?????????(EMP)??
82
Case Analysis????The Railway Project EMP
?????????(EMP)??