Science Measurement

1
Science Measurement

• SI units, adapted from the metric system, are
  used in science
• Base units are
• Meter length
• Liter volume
• Gram - mass

2
Types of Graphs - LINE

• Different types of graphs are used to show
  different relationships between data
• Line graphs show continuous change

Quantitiy
3
Types of Graphs - BAR

• Different types of graphs are used to show
  different relationships between data
• Bar graphs compare two measured variables (show
  differences)

4
Types of Graphs- PIE

• Different types of graphs are used to show
  different relationships between data
• Pie graphs show percentages

5
Democritus Named the Atom

• 2,500 years ago, the Greek philosopher
  Democritus, decided that matter was made up of
  tiny, indivisible units called atoms.

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6
Spring Scale

• Measure WEIGHT in Newtons

7
Graduated Cylinder and Beaker

• Both measure volume in mL, but the graduated
  cylinder is more precise.

8
Meniscus

• "A characteristic of liquids in glass containers
  is that they curve at the edges. This curvature
  is called the meniscus. You measure the level at
  the horizontal center or inside part of the
  meniscus. With water in glass, the meniscus will
  curve up at the edges and down in the center.
  Always read the bottom of the meniscus."

9
Triple Beam Balance

• Measures MASS in GRAMS
• Always carry this with 2 hands!

10
Microscope

• Calculate total magnification by multiplying the
  power of the eye lens X the power of the
  objective lens

11
Goggles

• Protective plastic goggles are worn during
  experiments to keep your eyes safe.

12
Telescope

• Used to view far away objects, like stars and
  planets.
• Contains lenses or mirrors to magnify distant
  objects.

13
Test Tube

• A glass tube used to hold or heat substances.
  Never point the open end of a test tube at
  anyone!

14
Hot Plate

• An electrical plate used to heat substances in a
  lab investigation. Always protect yourself!

15
Meter Stick

• A ruler marked in millimeters, centimeters
  meters used to measure length.

16
Petri Dish

• A round, flat dish with a cover that is used to
  grow microorganisms in the lab.

17
Thermometer

• Measures temperature in degrees Celsius (oC)

18
Anemometer

• A weather instrument used to measure wind speed.

19
Barometer

• Weather instrument that measures atmospheric
  pressure. Changes in barometric pressure usually
  indicate a change in weather.

20
Dissecting Equipment

• Equipment such as a scalpel, forceps
  dissecting probe used to cut open and examine
  preserved specimens or to take apart a flower.

21
Independent Variable

• The MANIPULATED or CHANGED factor in an
  experiment. This is the variable controlled by
  the person doing the experiment.
• Ex You may change the amount of water you give
  a plant or the amount of fertilizer applied to
  soil.

22
Dependent Variable

• The outcome or RESULT of manipulating or changing
  the independent variable.
• What happens to the dependent variable is the
  EFFECT of what the experimenter does to the
  independent variable.
• Its the DATA collected.

23
Inferences

• Conclusions that go beyond the facts

24
Promotional Claim

• A statement used to sell a product or service.
  Can sometimes be misleading, so you need to
  understand basic science facts to be able to
  evaluate how valid the information is.

25
Valid Conclusion

• Valid results are those that are well-supported
  by evidence. When scientific findings are
  evaluated, a scientist looks for reliable and
  accuracy. Multiple trials, or sets of data, give
  us more reliable and valid information.
• VALID results are REPRODUCIBLE they can be
  recreated by other scientists.

26
Topographic Map (Contour Map)

• Special kind of map that shows the height or
  elevation of land areas.

27
Contour Lines Intervals

• Contour lines
• Lines that represent equal elevation

• Contour intervals
• The space between the contour lines- The smaller
  the space (closer the lines) the steeper the
  slope.

28
Models

• A diagram or an object that represents something
  else demonstrates how it works.
• Models arent exactly the same as what they
  represent so they have limitations and can always
  be improved.
• Questions to ask about models-
• How closely does it resemble what it represents?
• What does the model show?
• How might the model be improved?