Properties of Life

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Properties of Life

• 1. Cellular Organization all living things
  show an orderly structure
• Cell ? Tissue ? Organ ? Body System ? Organism

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Properties of Life

• 2. Reproduction all organisms have the ability
  to reproduce
• How does an amoeba reproduce?

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Properties of Life

• 3. Metabolism
• Energy use for body/cell functions
• Input of energy (food) ? output of heat or
  movement

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Properties of Life

• 4. Homeostasis maintenance of stable internal
  conditions in spite of changes in the external
  environment
• Making changes to survive

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Properties of Life

• 5. Heredity the passing of traits from parents
  to offspring
• (Why you look like your parents)
• Gene sets of inherited instructions for making
  proteins
• Mutation a change in the DNA of a gene

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Properties of Life

• 6. Responsiveness response to the environment
• Stimulus triggers a response
• Smell, sound, taste, touch
• Response reaction to a stimulus
• Running from a diffusing smell

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Properties of Life

• 7. Growth and development
• All organisms get larger over time

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Important Vocabulary

• Evolution change in the inherited traits of
  species over time
• Species group of genetically similar organisms
  that can produce fertile offspring
• Natural Selection organisms with favorable
  genes are more likely to survive and reproduce
• Ecology study of the interactions between
  living organisms and with non living components
  of the environment

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Biology in Your World

• How is biology used?
• Up to you to write the following list yet.
• Study ways to live in harmony with our
  environment
• Feed our Grow ing population
• Fight Disease
• . . . And many more

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Living in Harmony With Our Environment

• World Surface Area 196,940,000 sq. mi
• World population 6,730,000,000
• Use of Rainforest
• Deforestation (medicine, species, oxygen)
• Groups to educate or stop this
• Waste Production

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Living in Harmony Cont.

• What can you do?
• Reuse, Recycle, Reduce
• (Does order matter activity)
• Does order matter?
• ABSOLUTELY
• (1) REDUSE (2) REUSE (3) RECYCLE

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Biology Can Help Feed a Growing Population

• Hormones to increase milk production in cows
• Cost/benefit analysis
• Gene transplant to produce insect resistant crops

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Biology Can Help Fight Disease

• AIDS
• Looking for a cure / vaccination
• Cancer
• The uncontrolled growth/division of cells within
  the body
• Picture 1 - may want to close your eyes

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Biology Can Help Fight Disease

• Cystic Fibrosis
• Abnormally thick mucous build up in many organs
• Biologist using gene therapy to find a cure

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Biology Can Bring the World Together (dont have
to write)

• Can you name something that has brought multiple
  nations together for a positive effort?
• Human Genome Project
• Took 15 years, 1990-2005
• Map the entire human genome

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The Scientific Process

• OBSERVATION, OBSERVATION . . .
• 6 Steps to the Scientific Method
• 1. Problem/Ask a ?
• 2. Research
• 3. Forming Hypothesis
• 4. Experiment (to test hypothesis)
• 5. Collect Data
• 6. Drawing Conclusion / Analyze

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1. Problem/Ask a ?

• Find a problem that needs a solution.
• Observation - act of noting or perceiving objects
  or events using the senses
• Example A blind dog comes when he/she hears a
  squeaky toy even though they cant see it.

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2. Research

• You want to gather information dealing with the
  problem before you begin your experiment.
• This allows you to understand the basic concepts
  you will be examining.

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3. Forming a Hypothesis

• Hypothesis - an explanation that may
• be true, and can be tested by
• additional observation or experiment
• Prediction - expected outcome
• Example Cont.
• I hypothesize that the dog finds the toy by
  listening to the noise it makes.

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4. Experimentation

• Control Group - a group in an experiment that
  receives no experimental treatment
• Ex. - Using a toy that is quiet
• Experimental Group - a group in an experiment
  that receives the experimental
• treatment
• Ex. - Using a toy that makes noise

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4. Experimentation

• Independent Variable - variable that is
• changed by the scientists (ONLY 1)
• Ex. Noisy toy vs Quiet Toy
• Dependent Variable - variable that the
• observations are focused on
• Ex. Dog success, it depends or will change based
  on the toy
• Control Group - something to compare to
• Constants- variables that do not change
• Ex. No other toys, no change of position

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5. Data Collection / Analyze

• Two Types of Data Collection
• 1. Qualitative observation (words/language)
• 2. Quantitative measurement (numbers)
• Ex. Is my experiment Qualitative or Quantitative?

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6. Drawing Conclusion

• Theory - set of related hypothesis that have
• been tested and confirmed many times
• by many scientists
• Does multiple times by one scientist count?
• No
• Ex. Dog locates the toy by the sound, but there
  seems to be additional factors.

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Is it bad if your hypothesis was not correct?

• No

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Independent vs Dependent Variable

• Remember The dependent variable depends on the
  independent variable
• How does Pesticide X affect the mosquito
  population?
• How is plant growth affected by fertilizer?
• How does studying affect test scores?
• How is plant growth affected by fertilizer?
• How does standing affect pulse rate?
• How does exercise affect your weight?
• How does Rembrandt affect the coloration of
  teeth?

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Scientific Method Vocabulary

• Scientific Method
• Hypothesis
• Experiment
• Control
• Variable
• Independent Variable
• Dependent Variable
• Scientific Law
• Theory
• Constant