Creating a CASE STUDY!

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Creating a CASE STUDY!

• LO to discover WHY we create case studies
• LO2 TO discover the key points you need to
  include in your case study

STARTER In 10 lines or more fully explain the
meaning of this graph, use examples in your answer
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What is a CASE STUDY?

• A case study is detailed piece of RESEARCH work
  on a particular place, person or event.
• It allows you to use real examples in your exam
  which is expected in the final 3 questions of
  your Final exam

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What goes into a CASE STUDY?

• Background
• KEY FACTS

• Where in the world is the place? A couple of
  maps help!
• What countries and oceans are near it (if needed)
• Population of the country
• Capital City
• Is it a MEDC or a LEDC
• Are they affected by natural hazards often?
• Are they affected by other natural hazards?
• What type of plate boundary is it, (diagram,
  labels)
• What are the plates involved called?
• Size of event (Richter scale)
• Time of day (local time)
• Death toll
• Were some groups effected more than others?
• Injuries
• Economic cost to rebuild
• Percentage of country killed/injured

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• What had been done to predict the event?
• Was the event predictable, if not explain briefly
  why not
• What was done to prepare/get ready for a natural
  hazard?
• What were the Government doing ? Training,
  education, sirens? Planning?
• What were the general population doing to prepare
  for a disaster? Earthquake proofing? Stockpiling
  food? Earthquake kits?
• What machines were used to monitor the situation?
• What were the primary effects of the hazard?
• How many people did the primary hazard kill?
• Were the primary effects worse than people had
  anticipated why?
• What were the secondary effects
• Were they predicted?
• Were they worse than expected?
• How does each secondary effect link
• back in to the original primary effect
• (could make a table)

• Prediction Preparation
• Primary effects
• Secondary
• effects

Led to Secondary
Primary
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Management

• How did they
• Manage the event
• LONG TERM

• What was done?
• How quickly did the government act?
• What did they do to save lives?
• Where were the injured put? Was it good enough?
• Did the preparation help?
• Did other countries have to come and help? What
  did they do?
• Did Aid agencies and charities come to help? What
  did they do?
• BUILD a TIMELINE OF MANAGEMENT
• How much did the whole event cost,
• What were the effects on the Economy of the area?
• Was the country given money to rebuild from other
  countries?
• Are they making any new plans on how to deal with
  the disaster? E.g. quake proofing?
• Will they be prepared for the next one? EVIDENCE!

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Haiti

• Background information
• Poorest country in the Americas
• Population 10 million people
• Capital is Port au Prince
• 7 million people live on less than 2 a day
• GNP 11 billion (per person 1000)
• Only 1/3 of port au Prince had access to taps and
  flushing toilets
• Massive Earthquake in 1751 destroyed all but one
  building in P au P, large earthquakes in 1842
  1946
• Conservative plate margin, North American plate
  Caribbean plate
• This part of the fault hadnt slipped in more
  than 250 years

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Prediction and Preparation

• Due to Haiti being one of the poorest countries
  in the world the Government had provided no help
  in constructing earthquake proof buildings.
• 80 of the buildings in Port au Prince were
  unplanned shanty style houses constructed from
  breeze block and thick heavy roofs to keep the
  heat out.
• 2007 report informed the Haitian government that
  the fault under Port au Prince would slip in the
  next 20 years and that it would be up to a 7.2 in
  size
• Gov didnt use info as they could not afford to
  make changes to city
• 2008 a story was run in Haiti newspaper, little
  interest by local people

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KEY FACTS

• 12 Jan 2010 4.53pm (local time)
• 7.0 on Richter scale
• Epicentre located around 10 miles south of Port
  au Prince
• Early estimates put death toll around 250,000
• 1 year on and with better census information US
  help Haiti re estimate that number to 69,000
• 4000 killed by cholera, 215,000 infected

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Primary Secondary

• 250,000 houses collapsed, 30,000 offices and
  factories collapsed
• 8 large hospitals collapse
• 4000 school buildings collapse/damaged
• 69,000 dead (2011 figures)
• 90 of city badly damaged
• Secondary
• Small tsunami (local) over 1 million homeless,
  millions without food and water. 1000s bodies
  piled in streets and outside morgue. Injuries
  untreated due to collapse of medical system.
  Complete destruction of infrastructure and
  airport control tower.
• 100,000s at risk of disease.

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SHORT TERM response first week

• Day 1 survivors dig through rubble looking for
  survivors
• Day 2 Oxfam and other aid agencies set up relief
  centres
• Day 3 20 countries in the area send in Army
  support
• Day 4 FOOD/water/shelter start bein flown into
  airport, they sit on the runway as roads are
  still blocked
• Day 5 gov with help start clearing corpses from
  street
• Day 6 People start re entering buildings risking
  life looking for food and water
• Day 7 More Army and navy arrive offering help,
  Haiti army open fire on Looters

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Medium term response up to 1 month

• Relief Aid keeps flooding in
• Shelters built up to 1 million people in the
  camps at their peak
• Roads cleared to allow vehicle access
• Aid agencies such as MERLIN start work on
  restoring water pipes and installing latrines and
  upgrading them to toilets in an attempt to
  prevent cholera.

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Long term response 1 month to 10 years

• 39 schools rebuilt in 6 months
• Toilets and longer term shelters built
• Over 4 billion dollars donated to Haiti. Some of
  it is ringfenced for certin uses.
• Cholera outbreak in Dec 2010, 400 die, 215,000
  infected
• Sep 2011, Riots in Port au Prince over the slow
  repairs which is occurring in Haiti
• Building being rebuilt, but not earthquake proof

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• why did so many people die in the Haiti
  earthquake? There are a number of reasons for
  this
• The earthquake occurred at shallow depth - this
  means that the seismic waves have to travel a
  smaller distance through the earth to reach the
  surface so maintain more of their energy.
• The earthquake struck in the most densely
  populated area of the country.
• Haiti is the poorest country in the Western
  Hemisphere
• The buildings in Port-Au-Prince and other areas
  of Haiti were in very poor condition in general
  and were not designed or constructed to be
  earthquake resistant.
• 3 Million people live in Port au Prince with the
  majority living in slum conditions after rapid
  urbanisation.
• Haiti only has one airport with one runway. The
  control tower was badly damaged in the
  earthquake. The port is also unusable due to
  damage.
• Initially, aid had been piling up at the airport
  due to a lack of trucks and people to distribute
  it. Water and food have taken days to arrive and
  there is not enough to go around.
• Rescue teams from around the world took up to 48
  hours to arrive in Haiti due to the problems at
  the airport. Local people have had to use their
  bare hands to try and dig people out of the
  rubble.
• There has been a severe shortage of doctors and
  many people have died of injuries such as broken
  limbs.

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Exam Questionschoose 1!!

• Explain using examples why Earthquakes in LEDCs
  are more devastating than in MEDCs
• 8
• How can good preparation and management reduce
  death toll in earthquakes
• 8