Notes

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SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures
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• Tools and Procedures in Science
• The procedures used in science are called the
  scientific method

(In Flow Chart Format)

• These procedures involve thoroughly examining
  events and items in nature, finding patterns, and
  drawing logical conclusions based on verifiable
  evidence

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SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures
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Notes

• Tools and Procedures in Science
• The procedures used in science are called the
  scientific method

(In List Format)

• A key procedure is when test your hypothesis by
  doing detailed and thorough experiments (step 4
  shown above)

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SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures
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• Experiments
• In an experiment you measure a quantities and/or
  qualities
• In an experiment you should conduct multiple
  trials
• Experiments should include independent variables,
  dependent variables, constants, and controls.
• Example
• Scientists could be testing a new vaccine for the
  flu virus to determine how effective it is
• Scientists could be measuring how air pollution
  damages plants and animals
• Scientists could be measuring the output of solar
  flares to determine how they might damage our
  communication satellites

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Experiments
SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls)
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In an experiment you should only test for ONE
key thing at a time This is called the
Independent Variable
after you introduce the independent variable,
you observe what happens. This response/result
is called the
Dependent Variable
Items or events that are repeated exactly the
same way each time you duplicate an experiment
are called
Constants
NOTE You should also conduct a control
experiment where you either eliminate out the
independent variable or use a neutral independent
variable (called a placebo)
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SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures
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Experiments

• In an experiment
• you use scientific tools such as

• a spring scale

-measures force (weight)

• a graduated cylinder

-measures volume
-measures mass

• a triple beam balance

• a metric ruler or meter stick

-measures length

• a microscope

-allows you to observe very small things

• a metric thermometer

-measures temperature

• a stop watch

-measures time
-measures acidity and basicity

• a pH indicator

-measures electrical current (strength and
direction)

• a galvanometer

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SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures
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Scientific Tools
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SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures
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Scientific Tools
In an experiment you measure things with the
metric system using tools such as

• a spring scale

-measures force (weight)
-unit of measure newtons (N)
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SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures
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Scientific Tools
In an experiment you measure things with the
metric system using tools such as

• a graduated cylinder

-measures volume
-unit of measure liters
-examples milliliter (mL), liter (L)
-can be converted to cubic centimeters etc.
-measures both liquid volume and volume of
irregular solids
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SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures
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Scientific Tools
In an experiment you measure things with the
metric system using tools such as

• a triple beam balance (or electric balance)

-measures mass
-unit of measure grams
-examples milligrams (mg), grams (g), kilograms
(kg)
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SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures
Notes
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Scientific Tools
In an experiment you measure things with the
metric system using tools such as

• a metric ruler or meter stick

-measures length
-unit of measure meters
-examples millimeter (mm), centimeter (cm),
meter (m), kilometer (km)
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SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures
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Scientific Tools

In an experiment you might need to look at
things that are very small

• you would use a microscope

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SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures
Notes
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Scientific Tools
In an experiment you measure things with the
metric system using tools such as

• a metric thermometer

-measures temperature
-unit of measure degrees-celsius (C) or kelvins
(K)
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Scientific Tools
SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures
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In an experiment you could measure the strength
of an acid or base with a

• pH Indicator

-measures acidity and basicity
-unit of measure pH scale reading from 0 to 14
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Scientific Tools
SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures
Notes
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In an experiment you also might use a
galvanometer to measure electrical current
measures both the strength direction of
electrical current
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Scientific Tools
SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures
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In an experiment you also might use
beakers
flasks
test tubes
beaker
flask
Test tubes
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Scientific Tools
SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures
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In an experiment you also might use
a hot plate
a Petri dish
a Bunsen burner
Petri dish
hot plate
Bunsen burner